Biomaterial Database

Synergistic interactions between muscarinic antagonists, adrenergic agonists and NMDA antagonists with respect to locomotor stimulatory effects in monoamine-depleted mice. 1991

M Carlsson, and A Svensson, and A Carlsson

Department of Pharmacology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of simultaneous manipulations of central cholinergic, adrenergic and glutamatergic systems on locomotion in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Mice were deprived of their monoamine stores by pretreatment with the monoamine depleter reserpine and the catecholamine synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, given 18 h and 60 min, respectively, before the acute experiment. Traditionally, only dopaminergic agonists have been shown to reverse the akinesia thus produced. However, in the present study it is demonstrated that if a muscarine receptor antagonist (atropine or biperiden) is combined with an alpha-adrenergic agonist/alpha-adrenergic agonist precursor (clonidine or L-alpha-methyl-dopa), a marked locomotor stimulation can be achieved, although either agent given alone is ineffective. Adding an NMDA antagonist (MK-801, ketamine or SDZ EAA 494) to the combination biperiden + clonidine resulted in further potentiation of the locomotor stimulatory effects.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007649	Ketamine	A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.	2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone,CI-581,Calipsol,Calypsol,Kalipsol,Ketalar,Ketamine Hydrochloride,Ketanest,Ketaset,CI 581,CI581
D008297	Male		Males
D008750	Methyldopa	An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.	Methyldopate,alpha-Methyldopa,Aldomet,Alphamethyldopa,Apo-Methyldopa,Dopamet,Dopegit,Dopegyt,Dopergit,Hydopa,Meldopa,Nu-Medopa,Sembrina,alpha-Methyl-L-Dopa,Apo Methyldopa,Nu Medopa,alpha Methyl L Dopa,alpha Methyldopa
D008818	Mice, Neurologic Mutants	Mice which carry mutant genes for neurologic defects or abnormalities.	Lurcher Mice,Nervous Mice,Reeler Mice,Staggerer Mice,Weaver Mice,Chakragati Mice,Chakragati Mouse,Lurcher Mouse,Mice, Neurological Mutants,Mouse, Neurologic Mutant,Mouse, Neurological Mutant,Nervous Mouse,Neurologic Mutant Mice,Neurological Mutant Mouse,Reeler Mouse,Staggerer Mouse,Weaver Mouse,ckr Mutant Mice,Mice, Chakragati,Mice, Lurcher,Mice, Nervous,Mice, Neurologic Mutant,Mice, Reeler,Mice, Staggerer,Mice, Weaver,Mice, ckr Mutant,Mouse, Chakragati,Mouse, Lurcher,Mouse, Nervous,Mouse, Reeler,Mouse, Staggerer,Mouse, Weaver,Mutant Mice, Neurologic,Mutant Mice, ckr,Mutant Mouse, Neurologic,Neurologic Mutant Mouse
D009043	Motor Activity	Body movements of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.	Activities, Motor,Activity, Motor,Motor Activities
D010276	Parasympatholytics	Agents that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS.	Antispasmodic,Antispasmodic Agent,Antispasmodic Drug,Antispasmodics,Parasympathetic-Blocking Agent,Parasympathetic-Blocking Agents,Parasympatholytic,Parasympatholytic Agent,Parasympatholytic Drug,Spasmolytic,Spasmolytics,Antispasmodic Agents,Antispasmodic Drugs,Antispasmodic Effect,Antispasmodic Effects,Parasympatholytic Agents,Parasympatholytic Drugs,Parasympatholytic Effect,Parasympatholytic Effects,Agent, Antispasmodic,Agent, Parasympathetic-Blocking,Agent, Parasympatholytic,Agents, Antispasmodic,Agents, Parasympathetic-Blocking,Agents, Parasympatholytic,Drug, Antispasmodic,Drug, Parasympatholytic,Drugs, Antispasmodic,Drugs, Parasympatholytic,Effect, Antispasmodic,Effect, Parasympatholytic,Effects, Antispasmodic,Effects, Parasympatholytic,Parasympathetic Blocking Agent,Parasympathetic Blocking Agents
D010300	Parkinson Disease	A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	Idiopathic Parkinson Disease,Lewy Body Parkinson Disease,Paralysis Agitans,Primary Parkinsonism,Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease,Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease,Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson's Disease,Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson's Disease, Lewy Body,Parkinsonism, Primary
D010879	Piperazines	Compounds that are derived from PIPERAZINE.
D003000	Clonidine	An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.	Catapres,Catapresan,Catapressan,Chlophazolin,Clofelin,Clofenil,Clonidine Dihydrochloride,Clonidine Hydrochloride,Clonidine Monohydrobromide,Clonidine Monohydrochloride,Clopheline,Dixarit,Gemiton,Hemiton,Isoglaucon,Klofelin,Klofenil,M-5041T,ST-155,Dihydrochloride, Clonidine,Hydrochloride, Clonidine,M 5041T,M5041T,Monohydrobromide, Clonidine,Monohydrochloride, Clonidine,ST 155,ST155
D004195	Disease Models, Animal	Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal