Biomaterial Database

Management of detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia. 2006

Hashim U Ahmed, and Iqbal S Shergill, and Manit Arya, and P Julian R Shah

Institute of Urology and Nephrology, University College London, London, UK.

Detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) is a debilitating problem in patients with spinal cord injury. DSD carries a high risk of complications, and even life expectancy can be affected. The mainstay of treatment is the use of antimuscarinic medication and catheterization, but in those for whom this is not possible external sphincterotomy has been the traditional management route. External sphincterotomy, however, is associated with significant risks, including hemorrhage, erectile dysfunction and the need for repeat procedures, and over the last decade alternatives have been investigated, such as urethral stents and botulinum toxin injection. We present a review of DSD, including the current management strategies and prospects for future treatment.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D001750	Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic	Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic,Neurogenic Bladder,Bladder Neurogenesis,Bladder, Neurogenic,Neurogenic Bladder Disorder,Neurogenic Bladder, Atonic,Neurogenic Bladder, Spastic,Neurogenic Bladder, Uninhibited,Neurogenic Dysfunction of the Urinary Bladder,Neurogenic Urinary Bladder Disorder,Neurogenic Urinary Bladder, Atonic,Neurogenic Urinary Bladder, Spastic,Neurogenic Urinary Bladder, Uninhibited,Neuropathic Bladder,Urinary Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic,Urinary Bladder Neurogenesis,Urinary Bladder Neurogenic Dysfunction,Atonic Neurogenic Bladder,Neurogenesis, Bladder,Neurogenesis, Urinary Bladder,Neurogenic Bladder Disorders,Neurogenic Urinary Bladder,Spastic Neurogenic Bladder,Uninhibited Neurogenic Bladder
D001905	Botulinum Toxins	Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.	Botulin,Botulinum Neurotoxin,Botulinum Neurotoxins,Clostridium botulinum Toxins,Botulinum Toxin,Neurotoxin, Botulinum,Neurotoxins, Botulinum,Toxin, Botulinum,Toxins, Botulinum,Toxins, Clostridium botulinum
D002404	Catheterization	Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.	Cannulation,Cannulations,Catheterizations
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000317	Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists	Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.	Adrenergic alpha-Receptor Blockaders,alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents,alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Blockaders,alpha-Blockers, Adrenergic,Adrenergic alpha-Blockers,alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists,alpha-Adrenergic Blockers,Adrenergic alpha Antagonists,Adrenergic alpha Blockers,Adrenergic alpha Receptor Blockaders,Agents, alpha-Adrenergic Blocking,Antagonists, alpha-Adrenergic,Blockaders, Adrenergic alpha-Receptor,Blockaders, alpha-Adrenergic Receptor,Blockers, alpha-Adrenergic,Blocking Agents, alpha-Adrenergic,Receptor Blockaders, alpha-Adrenergic,alpha Adrenergic Antagonists,alpha Adrenergic Blockers,alpha Adrenergic Blocking Agents,alpha Adrenergic Receptor Blockaders,alpha Blockers, Adrenergic,alpha-Antagonists, Adrenergic,alpha-Receptor Blockaders, Adrenergic
D013119	Spinal Cord Injuries	Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	Myelopathy, Traumatic,Injuries, Spinal Cord,Post-Traumatic Myelopathy,Spinal Cord Contusion,Spinal Cord Laceration,Spinal Cord Transection,Spinal Cord Trauma,Contusion, Spinal Cord,Contusions, Spinal Cord,Cord Contusion, Spinal,Cord Contusions, Spinal,Cord Injuries, Spinal,Cord Injury, Spinal,Cord Laceration, Spinal,Cord Lacerations, Spinal,Cord Transection, Spinal,Cord Transections, Spinal,Cord Trauma, Spinal,Cord Traumas, Spinal,Injury, Spinal Cord,Laceration, Spinal Cord,Lacerations, Spinal Cord,Myelopathies, Post-Traumatic,Myelopathies, Traumatic,Myelopathy, Post-Traumatic,Post Traumatic Myelopathy,Post-Traumatic Myelopathies,Spinal Cord Contusions,Spinal Cord Injury,Spinal Cord Lacerations,Spinal Cord Transections,Spinal Cord Traumas,Transection, Spinal Cord,Transections, Spinal Cord,Trauma, Spinal Cord,Traumas, Spinal Cord,Traumatic Myelopathies,Traumatic Myelopathy
D014521	Urethra	A tube that transports URINE from the URINARY BLADDER to the outside of the body in both the sexes. It also has a reproductive function in the male by providing a passage for SPERM.	External Urethral Sphincter,External Urinary Sphincter,Internal Urethral Sphincter,Internal Urinary Sphincter,Internal Vesical Sphincter,Urethral Sphincters,External Urethral Sphincters,External Urinary Sphincters,Internal Urethral Sphincters,Internal Urinary Sphincters,Internal Vesical Sphincters,Sphincter, External Urethral,Sphincter, External Urinary,Sphincter, Internal Urethral,Sphincter, Internal Urinary,Sphincter, Internal Vesical,Sphincter, Urethral,Urethral Sphincter,Urethral Sphincter, External,Urethras,Urinary Sphincter, External,Urinary Sphincter, Internal,Vesical Sphincter, Internal
D014546	Urinary Catheterization	Passage of a CATHETER into the URINARY BLADDER or kidney.	Catheterization, Ureteral,Catheterization, Urethral,Catheterization, Urinary,Foley Catheterization,Ureteral Catheterization,Urethral Catheterization,Catheterization, Foley,Catheterizations, Ureteral,Catheterizations, Urethral,Catheterizations, Urinary,Ureteral Catheterizations,Urethral Catheterizations,Urinary Catheterizations
D015607	Stents	Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.	Stent
D016587	Antimutagenic Agents	Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced mutations independently of the mechanism involved.	Anti-Mutagenic Agent,Antimutagen,Antimutagenic Agent,Anti-Mutagenic Agents,Anti-Mutagenic Effect,Anti-Mutagenic Effects,Antimutagenic Effect,Antimutagenic Effects,Antimutagens,Agent, Anti-Mutagenic,Agent, Antimutagenic,Agents, Anti-Mutagenic,Agents, Antimutagenic,Anti Mutagenic Agent,Anti Mutagenic Agents,Anti Mutagenic Effect,Anti Mutagenic Effects,Effect, Anti-Mutagenic,Effect, Antimutagenic,Effects, Anti-Mutagenic,Effects, Antimutagenic