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5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from febrile children subdivided according to the presence or absence of convulsions. Lumbar puncture was made either early (mean time 2 h) or late (3-6 days) after the febrile convulsion. The level of 5-HIAA was significantly decreased in children early and late after the febrile convulsion as compared with the convulsion-free group, but the HVA level was reduced only early after the febrile convulsion. These results support the hypothesis that a decrease in CSF 5-HIAA may be a biologic marker of susceptibility to convulsions and indicate that the transient decrease in HVA is a secondary phenomenon related to occurrence of convulsions.
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