Biomaterial Database

The differential effect of cholera toxin on the lymphocyte stimulation induced by various mitogens. 1975

T L Vischer, and J J LoSpalluto

BALB/c spleen cells (5 x 10(6)) were cultured in 1 ml of serum-free RPMI 1640 medium for 3 days in order to examine the effect of cholera enterotoxin (CN) and its spontaneously formed toxoid (CD) on lymphocyte stimulation. Stimulation was assessed after addition of [3H] thymidine for the last 16 hours of culture. One microgram of CN per culture markedly reduced the baseline of [3H] thymidine incorporation and the stimulation due to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (con A) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One microgram of CD diminished the base-line to half, abolished the response to PHA, reduced the response to con A and had very little effect on the LPS-induced stimulation. One-tenth the amount (0-1 mug) of both CN and CD affected only the PHA reaction. A secondary response to haemocyanin in vitro was not decreased by this lower dose. The effect of 1 mug on CN on the LPS response could be reduced by pretreatment of the cells with CD, whereas the PHA reaction remained markedly diminished. Dibutyryl-cAMP added to culture tubes had a similar effect ot 1 mug of CN, affecting the PHA response much more than the response to LPS. Spleen cells of mice immunized with CD gave a significant proliferative response to both 1 mug of CD and CN. The results are interpreted as indicating a strong inhibitory effect of CN mediated by accumulation of intracellular cAMP. CD-immunized cells contain specific receptors for both CD and CN which probably compete with the sites responsible for adenylate cyclase stimulation by CN.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008070	Lipopolysaccharides	Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	Lipopolysaccharide,Lipoglycans
D008213	Lymphocyte Activation	Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.	Blast Transformation,Blastogenesis,Lymphoblast Transformation,Lymphocyte Stimulation,Lymphocyte Transformation,Transformation, Blast,Transformation, Lymphoblast,Transformation, Lymphocyte,Activation, Lymphocyte,Stimulation, Lymphocyte
D008297	Male		Males
D008807	Mice, Inbred BALB C	An inbred strain of mouse that is widely used in IMMUNOLOGY studies and cancer research.	BALB C Mice, Inbred,BALB C Mouse, Inbred,Inbred BALB C Mice,Inbred BALB C Mouse,Mice, BALB C,Mouse, BALB C,Mouse, Inbred BALB C,BALB C Mice,BALB C Mouse
D008934	Mitogens	Substances that stimulate mitosis and lymphocyte transformation. They include not only substances associated with LECTINS, but also substances from streptococci (associated with streptolysin S) and from strains of alpha-toxin-producing staphylococci. (Stedman, 25th ed)	Mitogen,Phytomitogen,Phytomitogens
D002478	Cells, Cultured	Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.	Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D003208	Concanavalin A	A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.
D003994	Bucladesine	A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	Dibutyryl Adenosine-3',5'-Monophosphate,Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP,(But)(2) cAMP,Bucladesine, Barium (1:1) Salt,Bucladesine, Disodium Salt,Bucladesine, Monosodium Salt,Bucladesine, Sodium Salt,DBcAMP,Dibutyryl Adenosine 3,5 Monophosphate,N',O'-Dibutyryl-cAMP,N(6),0(2')-Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP,AMP, Dibutyryl Cyclic,Adenosine-3',5'-Monophosphate, Dibutyryl,Cyclic AMP, Dibutyryl,Dibutyryl Adenosine 3',5' Monophosphate,Disodium Salt Bucladesine,Monosodium Salt Bucladesine,N',O' Dibutyryl cAMP,Sodium Salt Bucladesine
D004768	Enterotoxins	Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.	Staphylococcal Enterotoxin,Enterotoxin,Staphylococcal Enterotoxins,Enterotoxin, Staphylococcal,Enterotoxins, Staphylococcal
D006433	Hemocyanins	Metalloproteins that function as oxygen transport proteins in the HEMOLYMPH of MOLLUSKS and ARTHROPODS. They are characterized by two copper atoms, coordinated with HISTIDINE residues, that reversibly bind a single oxygen molecule; they do not contain HEME groups.	Hemocyanin,alpha-Haemocyanin,alpha-Hemocyanin,alpha-Hemocyanins,alpha Haemocyanin,alpha Hemocyanin,alpha Hemocyanins