Biomaterial Database

Therapeutic hypothermia for brain injury after cardiac arrest. 2006

Fred Rincon, and Stephan A Mayer

Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Division of Stroke and Critical Care, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.

Morbidity and mortality in patients successfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest primarily depends on neurological outcome. Clinical trials of therapies directed toward reducing the extent of neuronal damage by means of pharmacological agents have been disappointing. To date, the only clinically effective tool for amelioration of brain damage by ischemia and reperfusion is mild to moderate induced hypothermia. The pathophysiology of global hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, the mechanisms by which hypothermia confers neuroprotection, and the encouraging beneficial effects of mild to moderate hypothermia in experimental studies and clinical trials are discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007036	Hypothermia, Induced	Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries.	Induced Hypothermia,Mild Hypothermia, Induced,Moderate Hypothermia, Induced,Targeted Temperature Management,Therapeutic Hypothermia,Hypothermia, Therapeutic,Induced Mild Hypothermia,Induced Mild Hypothermias,Induced Moderate Hypothermia,Induced Moderate Hypothermias,Mild Hypothermias, Induced,Moderate Hypothermias, Induced,Targeted Temperature Managements
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D002560	Cerebrovascular Circulation	The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.	Brain Blood Flow,Regional Cerebral Blood Flow,Cerebral Blood Flow,Cerebral Circulation,Cerebral Perfusion Pressure,Circulation, Cerebrovascular,Blood Flow, Brain,Blood Flow, Cerebral,Brain Blood Flows,Cerebral Blood Flows,Cerebral Circulations,Cerebral Perfusion Pressures,Circulation, Cerebral,Flow, Brain Blood,Flow, Cerebral Blood,Perfusion Pressure, Cerebral,Pressure, Cerebral Perfusion
D006323	Heart Arrest	Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	Asystole,Cardiac Arrest,Cardiopulmonary Arrest,Arrest, Cardiac,Arrest, Cardiopulmonary,Arrest, Heart,Asystoles
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014693	Ventricular Fibrillation	A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	Fibrillation, Ventricular,Fibrillations, Ventricular,Ventricular Fibrillations
D015427	Reperfusion Injury	Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury,Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion,Injury, Reperfusion,Reperfusion Damage,Damage, Reperfusion,Injury, Ischemia Reperfusion,Ischemia Reperfusion Injury,Ischemia-Reperfusion Injuries,Reperfusion Damages,Reperfusion Injuries
D016896	Treatment Outcome	Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.	Rehabilitation Outcome,Treatment Effectiveness,Clinical Effectiveness,Clinical Efficacy,Patient-Relevant Outcome,Treatment Efficacy,Effectiveness, Clinical,Effectiveness, Treatment,Efficacy, Clinical,Efficacy, Treatment,Outcome, Patient-Relevant,Outcome, Rehabilitation,Outcome, Treatment,Outcomes, Patient-Relevant,Patient Relevant Outcome,Patient-Relevant Outcomes
D020520	Brain Infarction	Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	Brain Infarct,Venous Infarction, Brain,Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction,Anterior Circulation Brain Infarction,Anterior Circulation Infarction, Brain,Brain Infarction, Anterior Circulation,Brain Infarction, Posterior Circulation,Brain Infarction, Venous,Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Circulation,Infarction, Anterior Circulation, Brain,Infarction, Brain, Anterior Circulation,Infarction, Brain, Posterior Circulation,Infarction, Posterior Circulation, Brain,Posterior Circulation Brain Infarction,Posterior Circulation Infarction, Brain,Brain Infarctions,Brain Infarctions, Venous,Brain Infarcts,Brain Venous Infarction,Brain Venous Infarctions,Infarct, Brain,Infarction, Brain,Infarction, Brain Venous,Infarction, Venous Brain,Infarctions, Brain,Infarctions, Brain Venous,Infarctions, Venous Brain,Infarcts, Brain,Venous Brain Infarction,Venous Brain Infarctions,Venous Infarctions, Brain
D020925	Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain	A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain,Anoxia-Ischemia, Cerebral,Anoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy,Brain Anoxia-Ischemia,Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia,Brain Ischemia-Anoxia,Brain Ischemia-Hypoxia,Cerebral Anoxia-Ischemia,Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia,Cerebral Ischemia-Anoxia,Cerebral Ischemia-Hypoxia,Hypoxia-Ischemia, Cerebral,Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy,Ischemia-Anoxia, Brain,Ischemia-Anoxia, Cerebral,Ischemia-Hypoxia, Brain,Ischemia-Hypoxia, Cerebral,Ischemic-Hypoxic Encephalopathy,Encephalopathy, Anoxic-Ischemic,Encephalopathy, Hypoxic-Ischemic,Anoxia Ischemia, Brain,Anoxia Ischemia, Cerebral,Anoxia-Ischemias, Brain,Anoxia-Ischemias, Cerebral,Anoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy,Anoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathies,Brain Anoxia Ischemia,Brain Anoxia-Ischemias,Brain Hypoxia Ischemia,Brain Hypoxia-Ischemias,Brain Ischemia Anoxia,Brain Ischemia Hypoxia,Brain Ischemia-Anoxias,Brain Ischemia-Hypoxias,Cerebral Anoxia Ischemia,Cerebral Anoxia-Ischemias,Cerebral Hypoxia Ischemia,Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemias,Cerebral Ischemia Anoxia,Cerebral Ischemia Hypoxia,Cerebral Ischemia-Anoxias,Cerebral Ischemia-Hypoxias,Encephalopathies, Anoxic-Ischemic,Encephalopathies, Hypoxic-Ischemic,Encephalopathies, Ischemic-Hypoxic,Encephalopathy, Anoxic Ischemic,Encephalopathy, Hypoxic Ischemic,Encephalopathy, Ischemic-Hypoxic,Hypoxia Ischemia, Brain,Hypoxia Ischemia, Cerebral,Hypoxia-Ischemias, Brain,Hypoxia-Ischemias, Cerebral,Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy,Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathies,Ischemia Anoxia, Brain,Ischemia Anoxia, Cerebral,Ischemia Hypoxia, Brain,Ischemia Hypoxia, Cerebral,Ischemia-Anoxias, Brain,Ischemia-Anoxias, Cerebral,Ischemia-Hypoxias, Brain,Ischemia-Hypoxias, Cerebral,Ischemic Hypoxic Encephalopathy,Ischemic-Hypoxic Encephalopathies