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Substance P-immunoreactive neurons have been found in the irides of many species including humans. In several species, substance P has been shown to induce contraction of the sphincter muscle but this action of substance P has not been previously demonstrated in the human eye. Using an eye cup model in which the sensitivity of the iris muscle to substance P is increased compared to the isolated sphincter muscle, we have observed that nanomolar amounts of substance P induced contraction of the sphincter in the human iris. This contractile response was enhanced in eyes pretreated with thiorphan, an enkephalinase inhibitor, suggesting that endogenous enkephalinase (E.C. 3.4.24.11) may modulate the substance P contraction in the human iris. Further support for this hypothesis was the finding of enkephalinase-like immunoreactivity and enzyme activity in the human iris sphincter muscle.
J A Anderson, and
B Malfroy, and
N R Richard, and
L Kullerstrand, and
C Lucas, and
P S Binder
July 1982,
Life sciences,
J A Anderson, and
B Malfroy, and
N R Richard, and
L Kullerstrand, and
C Lucas, and
P S Binder
March 1995,
Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie,
J A Anderson, and
B Malfroy, and
N R Richard, and
L Kullerstrand, and
C Lucas, and
P S Binder
August 1986,
Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi,
J A Anderson, and
B Malfroy, and
N R Richard, and
L Kullerstrand, and
C Lucas, and
P S Binder
December 1981,
Japanese journal of pharmacology,
J A Anderson, and
B Malfroy, and
N R Richard, and
L Kullerstrand, and
C Lucas, and
P S Binder
May 1984,
The Journal of physiology,
J A Anderson, and
B Malfroy, and
N R Richard, and
L Kullerstrand, and
C Lucas, and
P S Binder
July 1985,
Brain research,
J A Anderson, and
B Malfroy, and
N R Richard, and
L Kullerstrand, and
C Lucas, and
P S Binder
August 1983,
European journal of pharmacology,
J A Anderson, and
B Malfroy, and
N R Richard, and
L Kullerstrand, and
C Lucas, and
P S Binder
January 1982,
Japanese journal of ophthalmology,
J A Anderson, and
B Malfroy, and
N R Richard, and
L Kullerstrand, and
C Lucas, and
P S Binder
March 1988,
Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache,
J A Anderson, and
B Malfroy, and
N R Richard, and
L Kullerstrand, and
C Lucas, and
P S Binder
December 1984,
Experimental eye research,
