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Dentofacial features of children with distal occlusions, large overjets, and deepbites in the early mixed dentition. 2006

Katri Keski-Nisula, and Leo Keski-Nisula, and Päivi Mäkelä, and Tapani Mäki-Torkko, and Juha Varrela
Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland.

BACKGROUND The aim of this investigation was to analyze craniofacial morphology in children with distal bites, large overjets, and deepbites in the early mixed dentition. METHODS The sample comprised 486 Finnish children who are participating in an ongoing clinical trial. Cephalograms were obtained at the deciduous-mixed dentition interphase for the baseline of the trial. The mean age of the children was 5.1 years (SD, 2.6; range, 4.0-7.8 years). RESULTS Subjects with bilateral distal steps of > or =1 mm compared with normal had long midfaces (P <.05), short and retrusive mandibles (P <.05), small maxillomandibular differentials (P <.001), convex profiles (P <.01), retrusive mandibular incisors (P <.01), and large interincisal angles (P <.001). Children with overjets of > or =4 mm had retrusive mandibles (P <.001), long maxillae and midfaces (P <.001), small maxillomandibular differentials (P <.001), convex profiles (P <.001), and protrusive maxillary and retrusive mandibular incisors (P <.001). Children with deepbites (overbites of > or =4 mm) had short and retrusive mandibles (P <.05), long midfaces (P <.001) and maxillae (P <.05), small maxillomandibular differentials (P <.001), convex profiles (P <.01), retrusive mandibular incisors (P <.001), and large interincisal angles (P <.001). No differences were found in the length of anterior cranial base, the position of maxilla relative to cranial base, lower facial height, and facial axis angle between any malocclusion group and normal children. All correlations between the occlusal and skeletal characteristics were low, suggesting only weak associations at this stage of development. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the early dentofacial features of children with distal occlusions, large overjets, and deepbites differ from normal values. However, the skeletal patterns of these 3 malocclusion types showed considerable similarities, with long but neutrally positioned maxillae, retrusive mandibles, small maxillomandibular differences, convex profiles, retrusive mandibular incisors, and large interincisal angles, but normal growth directions and lower facial heights as common features.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008311 Malocclusion, Angle Class I Malocclusion in which the mandible and maxilla are anteroposteriorly normal as reflected by the relationship of the first permanent molar (i.e., in neutroclusion), but in which individual teeth are abnormally related to each other. Angle Class I,Class I, Angle
D008312 Malocclusion, Angle Class II Malocclusion in which the mandible is posterior to the maxilla as reflected by the relationship of the first permanent molar (distoclusion). Angle Class II,Angle Class II, Division 1,Angle Class II, Division 2,Class II Malocclusion, Division 1,Class II Malocclusion, Division 2,Malocclusion, Angle Class II, Division 1,Malocclusion, Angle Class II, Division 2,Class II, Angle
D008445 Maxillofacial Development The process of growth and differentiation of the jaws and face. Development, Maxillofacial,Developments, Maxillofacial,Maxillofacial Developments
D002508 Cephalometry The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD. Craniometry
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D003818 Dentition, Mixed The complement of teeth in the jaws after the eruption of some of the permanent teeth but before all the deciduous teeth are absent. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed) Dentition, Transitional,Dentitions, Mixed,Dentitions, Transitional,Mixed Dentition,Mixed Dentitions,Transitional Dentition,Transitional Dentitions
D005147 Facial Bones The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid (HYOID BONE), palatine (HARD PALATE), and zygomatic (ZYGOMA) bones, MANDIBLE, and MAXILLA, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid bone. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p113) Bone, Facial,Bones, Facial,Facial Bone
D005260 Female Females

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