Biomaterial Database

Polypeptide composition and organization of the sea urchin extraembryonic hyaline layer. 1990

J J Robinson

Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.

The protein composition and organization of the sea urchin extraembryonic hyaline layer was examined. Hyalin and a polypeptide of 45 kilodaltons (kDa) were present in hyaline layers isolated from 1-h-old embryos through to the pluteus larva stage. In contrast, several polypeptide species ranging in size from 175 to 32 kDa either decreased in amount or disappeared from the layer as embryonic development proceeded. Concomitant with the changes in composition, hyaline layers became progressively more refractory to dissolution by washing in Ca2+, Mg2(+)-free seawater. Incubation of intact layers, isolated from 1-h-old embryos, with proteinase K resulted in the selective digestion of hyalin and was accompanied by release of the 45-kDa polypeptide from the layers. Washing intact layers in 20 mM Tris (pH 8.0) also resulted in the selective removal of hyalin and the 45-kDa polypeptide. The Ca2(+)-precipitable protein hyalin, alone among the hyaline layer polypeptides, bound the Ca2(+)-antagonist ruthenium red. These results suggest a structural organization within the hyaline layer that is both heterogenous and dynamic throughout embryonic development.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010455	Peptides	Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are considered to be larger versions of peptides that can form into complex structures such as ENZYMES and RECEPTORS.	Peptide,Polypeptide,Polypeptides
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D004591	Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel	Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.	Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-PAGE,Gel Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide,SDS PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-PAGEs
D006818	Hyalin	A clear, homogenous, structureless, eosinophilic substance occurring in pathological degeneration of tissues.	Hyalin Substance,Hyaline,Hyaline Substance,Hyalins,Substance, Hyalin,Substance, Hyaline
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012617	Sea Urchins	Somewhat flattened, globular echinoderms, having thin, brittle shells of calcareous plates. They are useful models for studying FERTILIZATION and EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT.	Echinoidea,Sand-Dollar,Clypeasteroida,Sand Dollars,Clypeasteroidas,Dollar, Sand,Dollars, Sand,Echinoideas,Sand Dollar,Sand-Dollars,Sea Urchin,Urchin, Sea,Urchins, Sea
D015053	Zygote	The fertilized OVUM resulting from the fusion of a male and a female gamete.	Fertilized Ovum,Ovum, Fertilized,Fertilized Egg,Egg, Fertilized,Eggs, Fertilized,Fertilized Eggs,Zygotes