Most publications on the subject of group B streptococcus since December 1996 have concentrated on supporting and to some degree extending our existing knowledge of the epidemiology of group B streptococcus and of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis, which is the only approach available for reducing the incidence of group B streptococcal infection. Of greatest importance clinically are the reviews and studies on intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis, which continue to show that this is a worthwhile intervention as it significantly reduces the incidence of early onset group B streptococcal sepsis. The best approach to the detection of carriage is also covered, as is the changing epidemiology as a result of the implementation of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis in some centres. Finally, the prospect of a vaccine is discussed.