Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. 2007

Seth M Weinberg, and Elizabeth A Jenkins, and Mary L Marazita, and Brion S Maher
Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA. smwst46@sdmgenetics.pitt.edu

Numerous studies report an increased frequency of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in schizophrenic individuals compared with controls. However, these studies vary considerably regarding the magnitude of the case-control disparity and the topographical distribution of the anomalies. A meta-analysis was carried out on the existing MPA literature in an effort to better understand the relationship between MPAs and schizophrenia. Following a literature search, 13 studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria. Mean total MPA scores were available for 11 of these studies, whereas only seven studies provided regional MPA scores. For both the total MPA and regional MPA analyses, pooled effect sizes (Hedges' g and pooled odds ratios, respectively) were calculated along with tests of heterogeneity. For the total MPA analyses, a meta-regression approach was used to explore the relationship between possible moderator variables (e.g., number of MPA scale items) and effect size heterogeneity. The magnitude of the pooled effect size for the total MPA scores was high (1.131; p<0.001), indicating significantly more overall MPAs in schizophrenic individuals. Significant effect size heterogeneity was present (p<0.001); however, this heterogeneity could not be explained by any of the included moderator variables. The regional MPA analysis revealed significantly increased MPAs in all six anatomical regions (p<0.05), although the pooled odds ratios for these regions did not differ significantly from one another. These results suggest a lack of regional specificity for MPAs in schizophrenia.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D012016 Reference Values The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality. Normal Range,Normal Values,Reference Ranges,Normal Ranges,Normal Value,Range, Normal,Range, Reference,Ranges, Normal,Ranges, Reference,Reference Range,Reference Value,Value, Normal,Value, Reference,Values, Normal,Values, Reference
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000013 Congenital Abnormalities Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero. Birth Defects,Congenital Defects,Deformities,Fetal Anomalies,Fetal Malformations,Abnormalities, Congenital,Defects, Congenital,Abnormality, Congenital,Anomaly, Fetal,Birth Defect,Congenital Abnormality,Congenital Defect,Defect, Birth,Defect, Congenital,Deformity,Fetal Anomaly,Fetal Malformation,Malformation, Fetal
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D012307 Risk Factors An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent. Health Correlates,Risk Factor Scores,Risk Scores,Social Risk Factors,Population at Risk,Populations at Risk,Correlates, Health,Factor, Risk,Factor, Social Risk,Factors, Social Risk,Risk Factor,Risk Factor Score,Risk Factor, Social,Risk Factors, Social,Risk Score,Score, Risk,Score, Risk Factor,Social Risk Factor
D012559 Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. Dementia Praecox,Schizophrenic Disorders,Disorder, Schizophrenic,Disorders, Schizophrenic,Schizophrenias,Schizophrenic Disorder
D012737 Sex Factors Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances. Factor, Sex,Factors, Sex,Sex Factor

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