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Axial dispositions and conformations of myosin crossbridges along thick filaments in relaxed and contracting states of vertebrate striated muscles by X-ray fiber diffraction. 2007

Kanji Oshima, and Yasunori Takezawa, and Yasunobu Sugimoto, and Takakazu Kobayashi, and Thomas C Irving, and Katsuzo Wakabayashi
Division of Biophysical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.

X-ray diffraction patterns from live vertebrate striated muscles were analyzed to elucidate the detailed structural models of the myosin crown arrangement and the axial disposition of two-headed myosin crossbridges along the thick filaments in the relaxed and contracting states. The modeling studies were based upon the previous notion that individual myosin filaments had a mixed structure with two regions, a "regular" and a "perturbed". In the relaxed state the distributions and sizes of the regular and perturbed regions on myosin filaments, each having its own axial periodicity for the arrangement of crossbridge crowns within the basic period, were similar to those reported previously. A new finding was that in the contracting state, this mixed structure was maintained but the length of each region, the periodicities of the crowns and the axial disposition of two heads of a crossbridge were altered. The perturbed regions of the crossbridge repeat shifted towards the Z-bands in the sarcomere without changing the lengths found in the relaxed state, but in which the intervals between three successive crowns within the basic period became closer to the regular 14.5-nm repeat in the contracting state. In high resolution modeling for a myosin head, the two heads of a crossbridge were axially tilted in opposite directions along the three-fold helical tracks of myosin filaments and their axial orientations were different from each other in perturbed and regular regions in both states. Under relaxing conditions, one head of a double-headed crossbridge pair appeared to be in close proximity to another head in a pair at the adjacent crown level in the axial direction in the regular region. In the perturbed region this contact between heads occurred only on the narrower inter-crown levels. During contraction, one head of a crossbridge oriented more perpendicular to the fiber axis and the partner head flared axially. Several factors that significantly influence the intensities of the myosin based-meridional reflections and their relative contributions are discussed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008954 Models, Biological Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D009119 Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. Inotropism,Muscular Contraction,Contraction, Muscle,Contraction, Muscular,Contractions, Muscle,Contractions, Muscular,Inotropisms,Muscle Contractions,Muscular Contractions
D009126 Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. Muscle Relaxations,Relaxation, Muscle,Relaxations, Muscle
D009210 Myofibrils The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES . Myofilaments,Myofibril,Myofilament
D009218 Myosins A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain. Myosin ATPase,ATPase, Actin-Activated,ATPase, Actomyosin,ATPase, Myosin,Actin-Activated ATPase,Actomyosin ATPase,Actomyosin Adenosinetriphosphatase,Adenosine Triphosphatase, Myosin,Adenosinetriphosphatase, Actomyosin,Adenosinetriphosphatase, Myosin,Myosin,Myosin Adenosinetriphosphatase,ATPase, Actin Activated,Actin Activated ATPase,Myosin Adenosine Triphosphatase
D011487 Protein Conformation The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain). Conformation, Protein,Conformations, Protein,Protein Conformations
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014714 Vertebrates Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. Vertebrate
D014961 X-Ray Diffraction The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Xray Diffraction,Diffraction, X-Ray,Diffraction, Xray,Diffractions, X-Ray,Diffractions, Xray,X Ray Diffraction,X-Ray Diffractions,Xray Diffractions
D018482 Muscle, Skeletal A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles. Anterior Tibial Muscle,Gastrocnemius Muscle,Muscle, Voluntary,Plantaris Muscle,Skeletal Muscle,Soleus Muscle,Muscle, Anterior Tibial,Muscle, Gastrocnemius,Muscle, Plantaris,Muscle, Soleus,Muscles, Skeletal,Muscles, Voluntary,Skeletal Muscles,Tibial Muscle, Anterior,Voluntary Muscle,Voluntary Muscles

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