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The spinal cord injured patient has been the focus of clinical and research efforts to restore functional movement and obtain therapeutic benefits by electric stimulation of upper-motor-neuron paralyzed muscles. Our review articles treat developments in this field from 1983 to 1990. Efforts have been directed to restoring hand function, standing, and walking (covered in part I), as well as prevention of secondary complications through ventilatory function, bladder function, and achieving therapeutic effects of electric stimulation (covered in Part II). The technology for hand function, standing, and walking is used primarily in the research laboratory, as clinical applications are minimal. Much work remains to be done to solve the difficult problems associated with applying this promising technology to spinal cord injury.
G M Yarkony, and
E J Roth, and
G Cybulski, and
R J Jaeger
February 2000,
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America,
G M Yarkony, and
E J Roth, and
G Cybulski, and
R J Jaeger
January 2016,
Medical & biological engineering & computing,
G M Yarkony, and
E J Roth, and
G Cybulski, and
R J Jaeger
January 1986,
Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association,
G M Yarkony, and
E J Roth, and
G Cybulski, and
R J Jaeger
July 1984,
Neurosurgery,
G M Yarkony, and
E J Roth, and
G Cybulski, and
R J Jaeger
September 2022,
Neurospine,
G M Yarkony, and
E J Roth, and
G Cybulski, and
R J Jaeger
September 2022,
Neurospine,
G M Yarkony, and
E J Roth, and
G Cybulski, and
R J Jaeger
June 2020,
Healthcare technology letters,
G M Yarkony, and
E J Roth, and
G Cybulski, and
R J Jaeger
November 2017,
Muscle & nerve,
G M Yarkony, and
E J Roth, and
G Cybulski, and
R J Jaeger
December 2016,
Current opinion in neurology,
G M Yarkony, and
E J Roth, and
G Cybulski, and
R J Jaeger
January 2012,
Handbook of clinical neurology,
