Sound envelope cues play a crucial role for the recognition and discrimination of communication signals in diverse taxa, such as vertebrates and arthropods. Using a classification based on metric similarities of spike trains we investigate how well amplitude modulations (AMs) of sound signals can be distinguished at three levels of the locust's auditory pathway: receptors and local and ascending neurons. The spike train metric has the advantage of providing information about the necessary evaluation time window and about the optimal temporal resolution of processing, thereby yielding clues to possible coding principles. It further allows one to disentangle the respective contributions of spike count and spike timing to the fidelity of discrimination. These results are compared with the traditional paradigm using modulation transfer functions. Spike trains of receptors and two primary-like local interneurons enable an excellent discrimination of different AM frequencies, up to about 150 Hz. In these neurons discriminability depends almost completely on the timing of spikes, which must be evaluated with a temporal resolution of <5 ms. Even short spike-train segments of 150 ms, equivalent to five to eight spikes, suffice for a high (70%) discrimination performance. For the third level of processing, the ascending interneurons, the overall discrimination accuracy is reduced. Spike count differences become more important for the discrimination whereas the exact timing of spikes contributes less. This shift in temporal resolution does not primarily depend on the investigated stimulus space. Rather it appears to reflect a transformation of how amplitude modulations are represented at more central stages of processing.