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Symptomatic relapse of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis in children. 2007

Janet R Casey, and Michael E Pichichero
University of Rochester School of Medicine, Elmwood Pediatric Group, Rochester, New York, USA. jrcasey@rochester.rr.com

The frequency of symptomatic relapses following various antibiotic treatments for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis was evaluated in 1080 pediatric patients. Within 5 days of completing therapy, the rank-order frequency of treatment failures was (1) penicillin, (2) amoxicillin, (3) first-generation cephalosporins, (4) beta-lactamase stable cephalosporins and amoxicillin-clavulanate ( P = .005). Retreatment of symptomatic failures resulted in another symptomatic relapse more often with penicillin than with cephalosporins (P = .02). Clinicians should be aware that the rate of symptomatic failures after antibiotic therapy for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis differs by drug and is not an uncommon event.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010406 Penicillins A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065) Antibiotics, Penicillin,Penicillin,Penicillin Antibiotics
D010612 Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX). Sore Throat,Pharyngitides,Sore Throats,Throat, Sore
D002434 Cefadroxil Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative. 4-Hydroxycephalexin,5-Thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-((amino(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl)amino)-3-methyl-8-oxo-, (6R-(6alpha,7beta(R*)))-,BL-S 578,BL-S578,Bidocef,Cefadroxil Anhydrous,Cefadroxil Monohydrate,Cephadroxyl,Duricef,S-578,S578,Ultracef,4 Hydroxycephalexin,BL S 578,BL S578,BLS 578,BLS578,S 578
D002506 Cephalexin A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. 5-Thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-((aminophenylacetyl)amino)-3-methyl-8-oxo-, (6R-(6alpha,7beta(R*)))-,Cefalexin,Cephalexin Dihydride,Cephalexin Hemihydrate,Cephalexin Hydrochloride,Cephalexin Monohydrate,Cephalexin Monohydrochloride,Cephalexin Monohydrochloride, Monohydrate,Cephalexin, (6R-(6alpha,7alpha(R*)))-Isomer,Cephalexin, (6R-(6alpha,7beta(S*)))-Isomer,Cephalexin, (6R-(6alpha,7beta))-Isomer,Cephalexin, Monosodium Salt,Cephalexin, Monosodium Salt, (6R-(6alpha,7beta))-Isomer,Ceporexine,Palitrex
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D006460 Hemolysin Proteins Proteins from BACTERIA and FUNGI that are soluble enough to be secreted to target ERYTHROCYTES and insert into the membrane to form beta-barrel pores. Biosynthesis may be regulated by HEMOLYSIN FACTORS. Hemolysin,Hemolysins,Hemalysins,Proteins, Hemolysin
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D000658 Amoxicillin A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration. Hydroxyampicillin,Actimoxi,Amoxicillin Anhydrous,Amoxicillin Monopotassium Salt,Amoxicillin Monosodium Salt,Amoxicillin Sodium,Amoxicillin Trihydrate,Amoxicillin, (R*)-Isomer,Amoxicilline,Amoxil,Amoxycillin,BRL-2333,Clamoxyl,Clamoxyl G.A.,Clamoxyl Parenteral,Penamox,Polymox,Trimox,Wymox,BRL 2333,BRL2333

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