In Riyadh city 698 physicians were studied for their smoking habits, attitudes and behaviour; 48% were smokers and 34% are currently smoking. Males smoked significantly more than females currently and in the past. Smoking prevalence and intensity tended to decrease with age and quitting periods were longer. More than 60% of the physicians agreed that smoking is a major contributing factor in the causation of coronary artery disease, lung cancer and chronic bronchitis; less than 20% said the same for bladder cancer and neonatal death. Setting a good example for children was the most important reason for not smoking.