Biomaterial Database

Effects of divalent cations and of catecholamines on the late response of the superior cervical ganglion. 1975

S S Chen

The characteristics of the late response of the superior cervical ganglion of dogs were studied by close-arterial injection of catecholamines and divalent cations to the ganglion. 2. Dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline inhibit the late response as well as ganglionic activity induced by other means. The effect of dopamine is brief but that of adrenaline is prolonged. 3. Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Fe2+ markedly potentiate the late response, whereas Mn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ inhibit it. 4. may potentiate ganglionic activity triggered by other ganglionic stimulants. The Cd-augmented activity may be blocked by a ganglion-blocker which is specific to the stimulant. 5. CdCl2 may exhibit a direct ganglion-stimulating action on a ganglion which shows prominent late responses and has been conditioned by tetanic preganglionic stimulation. 6. CdCl2 and MnCl2 may inhibit ganglionic transmission by suppressing acetylcholine release from presynaptic nerve terminals. 7. It is concluded that the late response represents the late discharges of ganglion cells, which are very sensitive to inhibition by CaCl2 and MnCl2 and may be potentiated by CdCl2.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007269	Injections, Intra-Arterial	Delivery of drugs into an artery.	Injections, Intraarterial,Intra-Arterial Injections,Intraarterial Injections,Injection, Intra-Arterial,Injection, Intraarterial,Injections, Intra Arterial,Intra Arterial Injections,Intra-Arterial Injection,Intraarterial Injection
D008297	Male		Males
D008345	Manganese	A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
D009435	Synaptic Transmission	The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.	Neural Transmission,Neurotransmission,Transmission, Neural,Transmission, Synaptic
D009638	Norepinephrine	Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the ADRENAL MEDULLA and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the LOCUS CERULEUS. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.	Levarterenol,Levonorepinephrine,Noradrenaline,Arterenol,Levonor,Levophed,Levophed Bitartrate,Noradrenaline Bitartrate,Noradrénaline tartrate renaudin,Norepinephrin d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine Bitartrate,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:2),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+,-)-Isomer
D002104	Cadmium	An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002395	Catecholamines	A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from TYROSINE.	Catecholamine,Sympathin,Sympathins
D002413	Cations, Divalent	Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.	Divalent Cations
D002572	Cervical Plexus	A network of nerve fibers originating in the upper four CERVICAL SPINAL CORD segments. The cervical plexus distributes cutaneous nerves to parts of the neck, shoulders, and back of the head. It also distributes motor fibers to muscles of the cervical SPINAL COLUMN, infrahyoid muscles, and the DIAPHRAGM.	Plexus, Cervical