Granule and periglomerular cells in the main olfactory bulb express group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The group I mGluR agonist 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) increases GABAergic spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) in mitral cells, yet the presynaptic mechanism(s) involved and source(s) of the IPSCs are unknown. We investigated the actions of DHPG on sIPSCs and TTX-insensitive miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) recorded in mitral and external tufted cells in rat olfactory bulb slices. DHPG, acting at mGluR1 and mGluR5, increased the rate but not amplitude of sIPSCs and mIPSCs in both cell types. The increase in mIPSCs depended on voltage-gated Ca2+ channels but persisted when ionotropic glutamate receptors and sodium spikes were blocked. Focal DHPG puffs onto granule cells or bath application after glomerular layer (GL) excision failed to increase mIPSCs in mitral cells. Additionally, GL excision reduced sIPSCs in mitral cells by 50%, suggesting that periglomerular cells exert strong tonic GABAergic inhibition of mitral cells. In contrast, GL DHPG puffs readily increased mIPSCs. These findings indicate that DHPG-evoked GABA release from granule cells requires spikes, whereas in the GL, DHPG facilitates periglomerular cell GABA release via both spike-dependent and spike-independent presynaptic mechanisms. We speculate that mGluRs amplify spike-driven lateral inhibition through the mitral-to-granule cell circuit, whereas GL mGluRs may play a more important role in amplifying intraglomerular inhibition after subthreshold input.