Single-droplet evaporation kinetics and particle formation in an acoustic levitator. Part 2: drying kinetics and particle formation from microdroplets of aqueous mannitol, trehalose, or catalase. 2007

Heiko Schiffter, and Geoffrey Lee
Department of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany.

A single droplet drying acoustic levitator has been used to examine the drying behavior of droplets of pharmaceutically relevant solutes used to produce protein-loaded particles via spray-drying. The drying behavior of solution droplets of mannitol, trehalose, or catalase was determined. Evidence of super-saturation of the solute in the droplet surface up to the critical point of drying was obtained. The trehalose achieves a lower degree of super-saturation than does the mannitol before precipitating at the droplet surface. This results in a shorter duration of the constant-rate period, but protracted further drying of this amorphous material. Mannitol achieved a higher degree of super-saturation, and a later critical point with shorter falling-rate period. Measurements of dried particle radius showed that both solutes form hollow particles. The catalase formed holed, hollow particles with characteristic drying rate profiles that correlated well with developing particle morphology. A strong similarity between the morphologies of dried particles of mannitol, trehalose, or catalase produced either in the levitator or in a spray-dryer was found.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008353 Mannitol A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity. (L)-Mannitol,Osmitrol,Osmofundin
D008855 Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. Scanning Electron Microscopy,Electron Scanning Microscopy,Electron Microscopies, Scanning,Electron Microscopy, Scanning,Electron Scanning Microscopies,Microscopies, Electron Scanning,Microscopies, Scanning Electron,Microscopy, Electron Scanning,Microscopy, Scanning Electron,Scanning Electron Microscopies,Scanning Microscopies, Electron,Scanning Microscopy, Electron
D010316 Particle Size Relating to the size of solids. Particle Sizes,Size, Particle,Sizes, Particle
D002374 Catalase An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is present in many animal cells. A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA. Catalase A,Catalase T,Manganese Catalase,Mn Catalase
D002626 Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use. Medicinal Chemistry,Chemistry, Pharmaceutic,Pharmaceutic Chemistry,Pharmaceutical Chemistry,Chemistry, Medicinal
D003890 Desiccation Removal of moisture from a substance (chemical, food, tissue, etc.). Dessication
D004339 Drug Compounding The preparation, mixing, and assembly of a drug. (From Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th ed, p1814). Drug Formulation,Drug Preparation,Drug Microencapsulation,Pharmaceutical Formulation,Compounding, Drug,Formulation, Drug,Formulation, Pharmaceutical,Microencapsulation, Drug,Preparation, Drug
D005079 Excipients Usually inert substances added to a prescription in order to provide suitable consistency to the dosage form. These include binders, matrix, base or diluent in pills, tablets, creams, salves, etc. Excipient,Stabilizing Agent,Stabilizing Agents,Suspending Agent,Suspending Agents,Agent, Stabilizing,Agent, Suspending,Agents, Stabilizing,Agents, Suspending
D013500 Surface Tension The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Interfacial Force,Interfacial Tension,Surface Tensions,Tension, Surface,Tensions, Surface

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