Neutral alpha-glucosidase (NAG) activity is considered a functional epididymal marker in several species. Unlike the rat, no NAG activity has been detected in mice. The aims of the present study were to evaluate NAG secretory activity (the supernatant of the incubated tissue) in mouse epididymis and to determine whether it could be used as a functional epididymal marker. Epididymides (whole or in parts) were incubated in the presence or absence of testosterone (10(-5) m) and secretory NAG activity was compared with known positive controls. Furthermore, we compared enzyme activity in epididymides from well-fed and undernourished mice (50% food restriction for 21 days), a model that alters the epididymal maturation processes. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed NAG activity in mouse epididymis (22.6 +/- 3.7 mU g(-1) tissue; n = 4), being higher in the caput. NAG activity was statistically higher in the caput than in the corpus and in the cauda. No significant differences existed between the caput NAG activity and complete epididymis NAG activity. In undernourished mice, we confirmed changes in epididymal maturation observed previously (i.e. increased number of immature spermatozoa and diminution of the sperm concentration). Concordantly, the epididymides of undernourished mice exhibited decreased enzyme secretory activity, which increased to values similar to those seen in controls following incubation in the presence of testosterone (22.5 +/- 2.6, 12.5 +/- 1.0 and 22.4 +/- 3.7 mU g(-1) tissue, n = 9 in control (n = 7), undernourished (n = 9) and undernourished + testosterone groups (n = 9), respectively). In conclusion, NAG activity was detected in mouse epididymis. Although the present study supports the possibility of using NAG as an epididymal marker, more studies are necessary to effectively prove that NAG activity can be used as an epididymal marker.