Biomaterial Database

[Pharmacokinetics of tramadol in children]. 2007

S Saudan, and W Habre

Unité d'anesthésie pédiatrique, hôpital des enfants, hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.

The recent studies focusing on the pharmacokinetics of tramadol in children contributed to the increase popularity of tramadol as an analgesic alternative in clinical practice. Tramadol is a racemic mixture of 2 enantiomers that have comparable pharmacokinetic profile and this lack of difference is also observed with their main active metabolite, O-demethyl tramadol (M1). The serum concentrations of this metabolite depend largely on the activity of the cytochrome P450 and particularly of the enzyme CYP2D6 which reaches its maturity in the newborn. Nevertheless, the interindividual variability observed in the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and consequently in the pharmacodynamic profile is mainly due to the genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011110	Polymorphism, Genetic	The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.	Gene Polymorphism,Genetic Polymorphism,Polymorphism (Genetics),Genetic Polymorphisms,Gene Polymorphisms,Polymorphism, Gene,Polymorphisms (Genetics),Polymorphisms, Gene,Polymorphisms, Genetic
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D003577	Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System	A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.	Cytochrome P-450,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme,Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Monooxygenase,P-450 Enzyme,P450 Enzyme,CYP450 Family,CYP450 Superfamily,Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes,Cytochrome P-450 Families,Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase,Cytochrome P-450 Oxygenase,Cytochrome P-450 Superfamily,Cytochrome P450,Cytochrome P450 Superfamily,Cytochrome p450 Families,P-450 Enzymes,P450 Enzymes,Cytochrome P 450,Cytochrome P 450 Dependent Monooxygenase,Cytochrome P 450 Enzyme,Cytochrome P 450 Enzyme System,Cytochrome P 450 Enzymes,Cytochrome P 450 Families,Cytochrome P 450 Monooxygenase,Cytochrome P 450 Oxygenase,Cytochrome P 450 Superfamily,Enzyme, Cytochrome P-450,Enzyme, P-450,Enzyme, P450,Enzymes, Cytochrome P-450,Enzymes, P-450,Enzymes, P450,Monooxygenase, Cytochrome P-450,Monooxygenase, Cytochrome P-450-Dependent,P 450 Enzyme,P 450 Enzymes,P-450 Enzyme, Cytochrome,P-450 Enzymes, Cytochrome,Superfamily, CYP450,Superfamily, Cytochrome P-450,Superfamily, Cytochrome P450
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000701	Analgesics, Opioid	Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.	Opioid,Opioid Analgesic,Opioid Analgesics,Opioids,Full Opioid Agonists,Opioid Full Agonists,Opioid Mixed Agonist-Antagonists,Opioid Partial Agonists,Partial Opioid Agonists,Agonist-Antagonists, Opioid Mixed,Agonists, Full Opioid,Agonists, Opioid Full,Agonists, Opioid Partial,Agonists, Partial Opioid,Analgesic, Opioid,Full Agonists, Opioid,Mixed Agonist-Antagonists, Opioid,Opioid Agonists, Full,Opioid Agonists, Partial,Opioid Mixed Agonist Antagonists,Partial Agonists, Opioid
D014147	Tramadol	A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.	Adolonta,Amadol,Biodalgic,Biokanol,Contramal,Jutadol,K-315,MTW-Tramadol,Nobligan,Prontofort,Ranitidin 1A Pharma,Takadol,Theradol,Tiral,Topalgic,Tradol,Tradol-Puren,Tradonal,Tralgiol,Trama 1A Pharma,Trama AbZ,Trama KD,Trama-Dorsch,Tramabeta,Tramadin,Tramadoc,Tramadol 1A,Tramadol AL,Tramadol Asta Medica,Tramadol Basics,Tramadol Bayvit,Tramadol Bexal,Tramadol Cinfa,Tramadol Edigen,Tramadol Heumann,Tramadol Hydrochloride,Tramadol Kern,Tramadol Lichtenstein,Tramadol Lindo,Tramadol Mabo,Tramadol Normon,Tramadol PB,Tramadol Ratiopharm,Tramadol Stada,Tramadol acis,Tramadol-Dolgit,Tramadol-Hameln,Tramadol-ratiopharm,Tramadolor,Tramadura,Tramagetic,Tramagit,Tramake,Tramal,Tramex,Tramundin,Trasedal,Ultram,Xymel 50,Zamudol,Zumalgic,Zydol,Zytram,K 315,K315,MTW Tramadol,MTWTramadol,Tradol Puren,TradolPuren,Trama Dorsch,TramaDorsch,Tramadol Dolgit,Tramadol Hameln,TramadolDolgit,TramadolHameln,Tramadolratiopharm