Biomaterial Database

Effects of technique and pole grip on physiological demands of roller skiing on level terrain. 1991

M D Hoffmann, and P S Clifford, and G M Jones, and B Bota, and M Mandli

Department of Physical Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.

This study evaluated the physiological responses to roller skiing with three different techniques, and compared the physiological responses during roller skiing with a standard pole grip and an innovative "anatomical" pole grip. Data were collected on ten experienced cross-country ski racers while roller skiing with the double pole, V1 skate, and kick double pole techniques on a flat track at mean (+/- SD) velocities of 14.6 +/- 0.2, 16.4 +/- 0.3, and 18.0 +/- 0.4 km.h-1. The kick double pole technique induced the highest (p less than 0.05) oxygen uptakes, heart rates, and ventilations. The double pole technique elicited the lowest (p less than 0.05) oxygen uptakes, and the V1 skate technique elicited the lowest (p less than 0.05) perceived effort and respiratory exchange ratios. Comparison of the two pole grips showed no differences in the physiological responses and perceived effort. While the V1 skate technique is not the most economical roller skiing technique on flat ground, the lower associated perceived effort and respiratory exchange ratios may at least partially account for the general preference of cross-country ski racers to use the V1 skating technique rather than the double pole technique on flat terrain.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D010806	Physical Education and Training	Instructional programs in the care and development of the body, often in schools. The concept does not include prescribed exercises, which is EXERCISE THERAPY.	Education, Physical,Physical Education,Physical Education, Training
D012119	Respiration	The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (	Breathing
D004867	Equipment Design	Methods and patterns of fabricating machines and related hardware.	Design, Equipment,Device Design,Medical Device Design,Design, Medical Device,Designs, Medical Device,Device Design, Medical,Device Designs, Medical,Medical Device Designs,Design, Device,Designs, Device,Designs, Equipment,Device Designs,Equipment Designs
D005082	Physical Exertion	Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.	Physical Effort,Effort, Physical,Efforts, Physical,Exertion, Physical,Exertions, Physical,Physical Efforts,Physical Exertions
D006339	Heart Rate	The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.	Cardiac Rate,Chronotropism, Cardiac,Heart Rate Control,Heartbeat,Pulse Rate,Cardiac Chronotropy,Cardiac Chronotropism,Cardiac Rates,Chronotropy, Cardiac,Control, Heart Rate,Heart Rates,Heartbeats,Pulse Rates,Rate Control, Heart,Rate, Cardiac,Rate, Heart,Rate, Pulse
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D012865	Skiing	A snow sport which uses skis to glide over the snow. It does not include water-skiing.	Snowboarding,Snow Skiing,Skiing, Snow,Skiings, Snow,Snow Skiings