Biomaterial Database

Novel tRNA aminoacylation mechanisms. 2007

Terry Cathopoulis, and Pitak Chuawong, and Tamara L Hendrickson

Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

In nature, ribosomally synthesized proteins can contain at least 22 different amino acids: the 20 common amino acids as well as selenocysteine and pyrrolysine. Each of these amino acids is inserted into proteins codon-specifically via an aminoacyl-transfer RNA (aa-tRNA). In most cases, these aa-tRNAs are biosynthesized directly by a set of highly specific and accurate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). However, in some cases aaRSs with relaxed or novel substrate specificities cooperate with other enzymes to generate specific canonical and non-canonical aminoacyl-tRNAs.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D000604	Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases	A subclass of enzymes that aminoacylate AMINO ACID-SPECIFIC TRANSFER RNA with their corresponding AMINO ACIDS.	Amino Acyl T RNA Synthetases,Amino Acyl-tRNA Ligases,Aminoacyl Transfer RNA Synthetase,Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase,Transfer RNA Synthetase,tRNA Synthetase,Acyl-tRNA Ligases, Amino,Acyl-tRNA Synthetases, Amino,Amino Acyl tRNA Ligases,Amino Acyl tRNA Synthetases,Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase,Ligases, Amino Acyl-tRNA,RNA Synthetase, Transfer,Synthetase, Aminoacyl-tRNA,Synthetase, Transfer RNA,Synthetase, tRNA,Synthetases, Amino Acyl-tRNA
D001226	Aspartate-tRNA Ligase	An enzyme that activates aspartic acid with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.12.	Aspartyl T RNA Synthetase,Asp-tRNA Ligase,Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase,Asp tRNA Ligase,Aspartate tRNA Ligase,Aspartyl tRNA Synthetase,Ligase, Asp-tRNA,Ligase, Aspartate-tRNA,Synthetase, Aspartyl-tRNA
D001419	Bacteria	One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.	Eubacteria
D012346	RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl	Intermediates in protein biosynthesis. The compounds are formed from amino acids, ATP and transfer RNA, a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. They are key compounds in the genetic translation process.	Amino Acyl tRNA,Transfer RNA, Amino Acyl,tRNA-Amino Acyl,Amino Acyl T RNA,Acyl tRNA, Amino,Acyl, tRNA-Amino,tRNA Amino Acyl,tRNA, Amino Acyl
D012348	RNA, Transfer, Asn	A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying asparagine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.	Asparagine-Specific tRNA,Transfer RNA, Asn,tRNAAsn,tRNA(Asn),Asn Transfer RNA,Asparagine Specific tRNA,RNA, Asn Transfer,tRNA, Asparagine-Specific
D012350	RNA, Transfer, Cys	A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying cysteine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.	Cysteine-Specific tRNA,Transfer RNA, Cys,tRNACys,tRNA(Cys),Cys Transfer RNA,Cysteine Specific tRNA,RNA, Cys Transfer,tRNA, Cysteine-Specific
D012351	RNA, Transfer, Gln	A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glutamine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.	Glutamine-Specific tRNA,Transfer RNA, Gln,tRNAGln,tRNA(Gln),Gln Transfer RNA,Glutamine Specific tRNA,RNA, Gln Transfer,tRNA, Glutamine-Specific
D046249	Transfer RNA Aminoacylation	The conversion of uncharged TRANSFER RNA to AMINO ACYL TRNA.	Aminoacylation, Transfer RNA,Transfer RNA Charging,tRNA Aminoacylation,tRNA Charging,Amino Acid Activation, Translational,Transfer RNA Acylation,Transfer RNA Amino Acylation,tRNA Acylation,tRNA Amino Acylation,Acylation, Transfer RNA,Acylation, tRNA,Acylations, Transfer RNA,Acylations, tRNA,Amino Acylation, tRNA,Aminoacylation, tRNA,Aminoacylations, Transfer RNA,Aminoacylations, tRNA,RNA Aminoacylations, Transfer,RNA Charging, Transfer,Transfer RNA Acylations,Transfer RNA Aminoacylations,Transfer RNA Chargings,tRNA Acylations,tRNA Aminoacylations,tRNA Chargings