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OBJECTIVE To report a case of unusual chronic endophthalmitis by Actinomyces neuii subspecies anitratus. METHODS A 75-year-old man underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with implantation of a foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens in his right eye. Four weeks after surgery, a chronic post-operative endophthalmitis characterized by anterior chamber and vitreous cellular debris developed in this eye. Cultures were positive, and A neuii subspecies anitratus was identified by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent rRNA sequence analysis. Immediate treatment included intravitreal and intensive topical antibiotics along with oral ciprofloxacin. RESULTS The condition improved rapidly, and 6 months after surgery the patient was asymptomatic, the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/22, and the anterior chamber was quiet. CONCLUSIONS A neuii subspecies anitratus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Polymerase chain reaction and subsequent RNA typing were useful in detecting the causative organism, and intravitreal antibiotics were successful.
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