Biomaterial Database

Pharmacogenetics and asthma: false hope or new dawn? 2007

I P Hall, and I Sayers

Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. ian.hall@nottingham.ac.uk

Pharmacogenetic approaches provide the opportunity to improve prescribing for asthmatic patients in order to optimise efficacy and prevent side-effects. Currently, there are comprehensive data available on the extent of genetic variation in the human genome that will further this area of research. However, less is known about the functional consequences of many of the identified polymorphisms in genes whose products may predict drug efficacy. In addition, there is a shortage of well-designed, adequately powered clinical studies in this area. This series summarises the current state of knowledge and identifies areas for further research.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010597	Pharmacogenetics	A branch of genetics which deals with the genetic variability in individual responses to drugs and drug metabolism (BIOTRANSFORMATION).	Pharmacogenomics
D011110	Polymorphism, Genetic	The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.	Gene Polymorphism,Genetic Polymorphism,Polymorphism (Genetics),Genetic Polymorphisms,Gene Polymorphisms,Polymorphism, Gene,Polymorphisms (Genetics),Polymorphisms, Gene,Polymorphisms, Genetic
D002986	Clinical Trials as Topic	Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.	Clinical Trial as Topic
D005938	Glucocorticoids	A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.	Glucocorticoid,Glucocorticoid Effect,Glucorticoid Effects,Effect, Glucocorticoid,Effects, Glucorticoid
D005982	Glutathione Transferase	A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.	Glutathione S-Alkyltransferase,Glutathione S-Aryltransferase,Glutathione S-Epoxidetransferase,Ligandins,S-Hydroxyalkyl Glutathione Lyase,Glutathione Organic Nitrate Ester Reductase,Glutathione S-Transferase,Glutathione S-Transferase 3,Glutathione S-Transferase A,Glutathione S-Transferase B,Glutathione S-Transferase C,Glutathione S-Transferase III,Glutathione S-Transferase P,Glutathione Transferase E,Glutathione Transferase mu,Glutathione Transferases,Heme Transfer Protein,Ligandin,Yb-Glutathione-S-Transferase,Glutathione Lyase, S-Hydroxyalkyl,Glutathione S Alkyltransferase,Glutathione S Aryltransferase,Glutathione S Epoxidetransferase,Glutathione S Transferase,Glutathione S Transferase 3,Glutathione S Transferase A,Glutathione S Transferase B,Glutathione S Transferase C,Glutathione S Transferase III,Glutathione S Transferase P,Lyase, S-Hydroxyalkyl Glutathione,P, Glutathione S-Transferase,Protein, Heme Transfer,S Hydroxyalkyl Glutathione Lyase,S-Alkyltransferase, Glutathione,S-Aryltransferase, Glutathione,S-Epoxidetransferase, Glutathione,S-Transferase 3, Glutathione,S-Transferase A, Glutathione,S-Transferase B, Glutathione,S-Transferase C, Glutathione,S-Transferase III, Glutathione,S-Transferase P, Glutathione,S-Transferase, Glutathione,Transfer Protein, Heme,Transferase E, Glutathione,Transferase mu, Glutathione,Transferase, Glutathione,Transferases, Glutathione
D006239	Haplotypes	The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.	Haplotype
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001094	Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase	An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 5-hydroperoxyarachidonate (5-HPETE) which is rapidly converted by a peroxidase to 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate (5-HETE). The 5-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in leukocytes.	5-Lipoxygenase,Arachidonic Acid 5-Lipoxygenase,LTA4 Synthase,Leukotriene A Synthase,Leukotriene A4 Synthase,Leukotriene A4 Synthetase,5 Lipoxygenase,5-Lipoxygenase, Arachidonate,5-Lipoxygenase, Arachidonic Acid,Arachidonate 5 Lipoxygenase,Arachidonic Acid 5 Lipoxygenase,Synthase, LTA4,Synthase, Leukotriene A,Synthase, Leukotriene A4,Synthetase, Leukotriene A4
D001249	Asthma	A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	Asthma, Bronchial,Bronchial Asthma,Asthmas
D014644	Genetic Variation	Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.	Genetic Diversity,Variation, Genetic,Diversity, Genetic,Diversities, Genetic,Genetic Diversities,Genetic Variations,Variations, Genetic