Biomaterial Database

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 2007

Lawrence C Layman

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. llayman@mcg.edu

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and olfactory neurons migrate together from the olfactory placode, and GnRH neurons eventually reside in the hypothalamus. Hypogonadism in male infants may be diagnosed in the first 6 months of life but cannot be diagnosed during childhood until puberty occurs. Patients with low serum testosterone and low serum gonadotropin levels have idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Mutations in three genes (KAL1, FGFR1, and GNRHR) comprise most of the known genetic causes of IHH. Treatment with testosterone is indicated if fertility is not desired, whereas GnRH or gonadotropin treatment induces spermatogenesis and fertility.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007006	Hypogonadism	Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism,Hypogonadism, Isolated Hypogonadotropic,Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism,Hypogonadism, Hypergonadotropic,Hypogonadism, Hypogonadotropic
D007030	Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System	A collection of NEURONS, tracts of NERVE FIBERS, endocrine tissue, and blood vessels in the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation provides the mechanism for hypothalamic neuroendocrine (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) regulation of pituitary function and the release of various PITUITARY HORMONES into the systemic circulation to maintain HOMEOSTASIS.	Hypothalamic Hypophyseal System,Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis,Hypophyseal Portal System,Hypothalamic-Pituitary Unit,Hypothalamic Hypophyseal Systems,Hypothalamic Pituitary Unit,Hypothalamo Hypophyseal System,Hypothalamo Pituitary Adrenal Axis,Portal System, Hypophyseal
D009419	Nerve Tissue Proteins		Proteins, Nerve Tissue,Tissue Proteins, Nerve
D010913	Pituitary-Adrenal System	The interactions between the anterior pituitary and adrenal glands, in which corticotropin (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex and adrenal cortical hormones suppress the production of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary.	Pituitary Adrenal System,Pituitary-Adrenal Systems,System, Pituitary-Adrenal,Systems, Pituitary-Adrenal
D011628	Puberty, Delayed	The lack of development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations above the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in a population. Delayed puberty can be classified by defects in the hypothalamic LHRH pulse generator, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the GONADS. These patients will undergo spontaneous but delayed puberty whereas patients with SEXUAL INFANTILISM will not.	Delayed Puberty
D011966	Receptors, LHRH	Receptors with a 6-kDa protein on the surfaces of cells that secrete LUTEINIZING HORMONE or FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE, usually in the adenohypophysis. LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE binds to these receptors, is endocytosed with the receptor and, in the cell, triggers the release of LUTEINIZING HORMONE or FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE by the cell. These receptors are also found in rat gonads. INHIBINS prevent the binding of GnRH to its receptors.	GnRH Receptors,Gonadoliberin Receptors,Gonadorelin Receptors,Gonadotropin Releasing-Hormone Receptors,LHFSHRH Receptors,LHRH Receptors,Luliberin Receptors,Receptors, GnRH,Receptors, Gonadoliberin,Receptors, Gonadorelin,Receptors, Luliberin,Follicle Stimulating Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptors,GnRH Receptor,Gonadorelin Receptor,Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor,LHRH Receptor,Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Receptors,Luteinizing Hormone Releasing-Hormone Receptor,Receptor, LHRH,Receptors, Gonadotropin Releasing-Hormone,Receptors, LHFSHRH,Follicle Stimulating Hormone Releasing Hormone Receptors,Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Receptor,Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Receptors,Hormone Receptor, Gonadotropin-Releasing,Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Receptor,Receptor, GnRH,Receptor, Gonadorelin,Receptor, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone,Receptors, Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone,Releasing-Hormone Receptors, Gonadotropin
D002869	Chromosome Aberrations	Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.	Autosome Abnormalities,Cytogenetic Aberrations,Abnormalities, Autosome,Abnormalities, Chromosomal,Abnormalities, Chromosome,Chromosomal Aberrations,Chromosome Abnormalities,Cytogenetic Abnormalities,Aberration, Chromosomal,Aberration, Chromosome,Aberration, Cytogenetic,Aberrations, Chromosomal,Aberrations, Chromosome,Aberrations, Cytogenetic,Abnormalities, Cytogenetic,Abnormality, Autosome,Abnormality, Chromosomal,Abnormality, Chromosome,Abnormality, Cytogenetic,Autosome Abnormality,Chromosomal Aberration,Chromosomal Abnormalities,Chromosomal Abnormality,Chromosome Aberration,Chromosome Abnormality,Cytogenetic Aberration,Cytogenetic Abnormality
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000465	Algorithms	A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.	Algorithm
D012730	Sex Chromosomes	The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME, the Y CHROMOSOME, and the W, Z chromosomes (in animals in which the female is the heterogametic sex (the silkworm moth Bombyx mori, for example)). In such cases the W chromosome is the female-determining and the male is ZZ. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Gonosomes,Chromosome, Sex,Chromosomes, Sex,Gonosome,Sex Chromosome