On the transfer of the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) from sows to their fetuses during days 35-70 of gestation. 2007

T Goyarts, and S Dänicke, and K-P Brüssow, and H Valenta, and K-H Ueberschär, and U Tiemann
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre Braunschweig (FAL), Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.

Eleven pregnant sows with a body weight between 153 and 197 kg were fed a control diet (CON, 0.15 mg DON and 0.0035 mg ZON/kg diet) or a diet containing 15% of Fusarium toxin contaminated triticale (MYCO, 4.42 mg DON and 0.048 mg ZON/kg diet) in the period of day 35 and 70 of gestation. The indirect effect of feed intake was separated from the direct effects of the Fusarium toxins by the restricted feeding regimen where all sows were fed the same amount of feed (2000 g/d) over the whole study. At the end of experiment, fetuses were delivered by Caesarian section and samples of serum, bile, urine, liver, kidney and spleen of euthanatized sows and fetuses were taken to analyze the concentrations of DON, ZON and their metabolites. Feeding the Fusarium toxin contaminated diet to pregnant sows caused neither adverse effects on performance, organ weights and maintenance of pregnancy of sows nor on fetus weight and length. Furthermore, no teratogenic or embryolethal effects could be observed in the MYCO group. Hematological and clinical-chemical parameters of sows and fetuses were not affected by feeding, with the exception of significantly lower GLDH (glutamate dehydrogenase) serum activities in MYCO sows. The carry over of DON and ZON from the diet to the sow or fetus tissues was calculated by the diet ratio (sum of concentrations of all metabolites in the physiological specimen divided by the dietary toxin concentration), while the fetus ratio was evaluated by the sum of concentrations of all metabolites in the physiological specimen of the fetus divided by that of the sows. DON and deepoxy-DON were found in urine, bile, serum, liver, kidney and spleen of sows of the MYCO group, but not in the bile of fetuses (spleen not analyzed). ZON and its metabolite alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZOL) were detected in urine and bile of sows, while all specimens of fetuses as well as serum and liver of sows were negative for ZON metabolites. The maximum diet ratios for urine and bile in sows of the MYCO group were 0.84 and 0.05 for DON metabolites and 1.2 and 3.8 for ZON metabolites, underscoring the differences in metabolism and excretion of both toxins. The maximum diet ratio of DON and deepoxy-DON into liver, kidney and spleen of MYCO sows were 0.003, 0.007 and 0.003, respectively. The maximum fetus ratio of DON and deepoxy-DON into urine, bile, serum, liver and kidney of fetuses were 0.006, 0, 0.5, 0.88, and 0.33, while the maximum placental ratio (sum of toxin concentrations in the physiological specimen of the fetus divided by the toxin serum concentration of the sow) were 0.64, 0, 0.50, 0.70 and 0.52, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developing fetus is exposed to DON between the gestation days 35 and 70 when the sows are fed a Fusarium toxin contaminated diet. ZON concentration in the MYCO diet was too low to get reliable results for fetus or placental ratios.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008431 Maternal-Fetal Exchange Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission. Transplacental Exposure,Exchange, Maternal-Fetal,Exposure, Transplacental,Maternal Fetal Exchange
D009183 Mycotoxins Toxic compounds produced by FUNGI. Fungal Toxins,Mycotoxin,Toxins, Fungal
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D011374 Progesterone The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS. Pregnenedione,Progesterone, (13 alpha,17 alpha)-(+-)-Isomer,Progesterone, (17 alpha)-Isomer,Progesterone, (9 beta,10 alpha)-Isomer
D001835 Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D004435 Eating The consumption of edible substances. Dietary Intake,Feed Intake,Food Intake,Macronutrient Intake,Micronutrient Intake,Nutrient Intake,Nutritional Intake,Ingestion,Dietary Intakes,Feed Intakes,Intake, Dietary,Intake, Feed,Intake, Food,Intake, Macronutrient,Intake, Micronutrient,Intake, Nutrient,Intake, Nutritional,Macronutrient Intakes,Micronutrient Intakes,Nutrient Intakes,Nutritional Intakes
D004958 Estradiol The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids. 17 beta-Estradiol,Estradiol-17 beta,Oestradiol,17 beta-Oestradiol,Aerodiol,Delestrogen,Estrace,Estraderm TTS,Estradiol Anhydrous,Estradiol Hemihydrate,Estradiol Hemihydrate, (17 alpha)-Isomer,Estradiol Monohydrate,Estradiol Valerate,Estradiol Valeriante,Estradiol, (+-)-Isomer,Estradiol, (-)-Isomer,Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 alpha)-Isomer,Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 beta)-Isomer,Estradiol, (17-alpha)-Isomer,Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-(+-)-Isomer,Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-Isomer,Estradiol, (9 beta,17 alpha)-Isomer,Estradiol, (9 beta,17 beta)-Isomer,Estradiol, Monosodium Salt,Estradiol, Sodium Salt,Estradiol-17 alpha,Estradiol-17beta,Ovocyclin,Progynon-Depot,Progynova,Vivelle,17 beta Estradiol,17 beta Oestradiol,Estradiol 17 alpha,Estradiol 17 beta,Estradiol 17beta,Progynon Depot
D004968 Estrogens, Non-Steroidal Non-steroidal compounds with estrogenic activity. Estrogens, Nonsteroidal,Estrogens, Non Steroidal,Non-Steroidal Estrogens,Nonsteroidal Estrogens
D005260 Female Females

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