Limiting partition coefficients of a selection of low-to-medium volatility solutes between both phases in a biphasic trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride ([thtdp][Cl]) ionic liquid (IL)-supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) system were obtained by capillary column chromatography with [thtdp][Cl] as the stationary liquid and scCO2 as the carrier fluid. It is shown that supercritical fluid chromatography can be used to probe the partitioning behavior of solutes in biphasic IL-scCO2 systems even when the IL has nonzero solubility in scCO2. Relative partition coefficients of solutes at a particular temperature and density of CO2 can be correlated within Abraham's linear solvation energy relationships. Compared with our previous results in a [bmim][BF4]-scCO2 system, the solute partition coefficients in the [thtdp][Cl]-scCO2 system are more sensitive to the solute hydrogen bond acidity descriptor.