Deep layer somatosensory cortical neurons initiate spike-and-wave discharges in a genetic model of absence seizures. 2007

Pierre-Olivier Polack, and Isabelle Guillemain, and Emilie Hu, and Colin Deransart, and Antoine Depaulis, and Stéphane Charpier
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 667, Collège de France, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France. pierre-olivier.polack@college-de-france.fr

Typical absence has long been considered as the prototypic form of generalized nonconvulsive epileptic seizures. Recent investigations in patients and animal models suggest that absence seizures could originate from restricted regions of the cerebral cortex. However, the cellular and local network processes of seizure initiation remain unknown. Here, we show that absence seizures in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg, a well established genetic model of this disease, arise from the facial somatosensory cortex. Using in vivo intracellular recordings, we found that epileptic discharges are initiated in layer 5/6 neurons of this cortical region. These neurons, which show a distinctive hyperactivity associated with a membrane depolarization, lead the firing of distant cortical cells during the epileptic discharge. Consistent with their ictogenic properties, neurons from this "focus" exhibit interictal and preictal oscillations that are converted into epileptic pattern. These results confirm and extend the "focal hypothesis" of absence epilepsy and provide a cellular scenario for the initiation and generalization of absence seizures.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008957 Models, Genetic Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Genetic Models,Genetic Model,Model, Genetic
D009474 Neurons The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM. Nerve Cells,Cell, Nerve,Cells, Nerve,Nerve Cell,Neuron
D010507 Periodicity The tendency of a phenomenon to recur at regular intervals; in biological systems, the recurrence of certain activities (including hormonal, cellular, neural) may be annual, seasonal, monthly, daily, or more frequently (ultradian). Cyclicity,Rhythmicity,Biological Rhythms,Bioperiodicity,Biorhythms,Biological Rhythm,Bioperiodicities,Biorhythm,Cyclicities,Periodicities,Rhythm, Biological,Rhythmicities,Rhythms, Biological
D001931 Brain Mapping Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures. Brain Electrical Activity Mapping,Functional Cerebral Localization,Topographic Brain Mapping,Brain Mapping, Topographic,Functional Cerebral Localizations,Mapping, Brain,Mapping, Topographic Brain
D004832 Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736) Akinetic Petit Mal,Epilepsy, Minor,Petit Mal Epilepsy,Pyknolepsy,Absence Seizure Disorder,Childhood Absence Epilepsy,Epilepsy Juvenile Absence,Epilepsy, Absence, Atypical,Epilepsy, Petit Mal,Juvenile Absence Epilepsy,Pykno-Epilepsy,Seizure Disorder, Absence,Absence Epilepsy,Absence Epilepsy, Childhood,Absence Epilepsy, Juvenile,Absence Seizure Disorders,Epilepsy, Childhood Absence,Epilepsy, Juvenile Absence,Minor Epilepsy,Petit Mal, Akinetic,Pykno Epilepsy,Pyknolepsies,Seizure Disorders, Absence
D005145 Face The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw. Faces
D000200 Action Potentials Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli. Spike Potentials,Nerve Impulses,Action Potential,Impulse, Nerve,Impulses, Nerve,Nerve Impulse,Potential, Action,Potential, Spike,Potentials, Action,Potentials, Spike,Spike Potential
D000704 Analysis of Variance A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable. ANOVA,Analysis, Variance,Variance Analysis,Analyses, Variance,Variance Analyses
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001710 Biotin A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. Vitamin H,Biodermatin,Biokur,Biotin Gelfert,Biotin Hermes,Biotin-Ratiopharm,Biotine Roche,Deacura,Gabunat,Medebiotin,Medobiotin,Rombellin,Biotin Ratiopharm,Gelfert, Biotin,Hermes, Biotin,Roche, Biotine

Related Publications

Pierre-Olivier Polack, and Isabelle Guillemain, and Emilie Hu, and Colin Deransart, and Antoine Depaulis, and Stéphane Charpier
January 2015, PloS one,
Pierre-Olivier Polack, and Isabelle Guillemain, and Emilie Hu, and Colin Deransart, and Antoine Depaulis, and Stéphane Charpier
March 2024, CNS neuroscience & therapeutics,
Pierre-Olivier Polack, and Isabelle Guillemain, and Emilie Hu, and Colin Deransart, and Antoine Depaulis, and Stéphane Charpier
December 1973, Neurology,
Pierre-Olivier Polack, and Isabelle Guillemain, and Emilie Hu, and Colin Deransart, and Antoine Depaulis, and Stéphane Charpier
December 1974, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology,
Pierre-Olivier Polack, and Isabelle Guillemain, and Emilie Hu, and Colin Deransart, and Antoine Depaulis, and Stéphane Charpier
April 2001, The European journal of neuroscience,
Pierre-Olivier Polack, and Isabelle Guillemain, and Emilie Hu, and Colin Deransart, and Antoine Depaulis, and Stéphane Charpier
July 2003, Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior,
Pierre-Olivier Polack, and Isabelle Guillemain, and Emilie Hu, and Colin Deransart, and Antoine Depaulis, and Stéphane Charpier
November 2005, Physiology & behavior,
Pierre-Olivier Polack, and Isabelle Guillemain, and Emilie Hu, and Colin Deransart, and Antoine Depaulis, and Stéphane Charpier
January 2009, Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference,
Pierre-Olivier Polack, and Isabelle Guillemain, and Emilie Hu, and Colin Deransart, and Antoine Depaulis, and Stéphane Charpier
June 2003, Physics in medicine and biology,
Pierre-Olivier Polack, and Isabelle Guillemain, and Emilie Hu, and Colin Deransart, and Antoine Depaulis, and Stéphane Charpier
December 2006, Indian journal of experimental biology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!