Biomaterial Database

X-ray scatter data for flat-panel detector CT. 2007

Yiannis Kyriakou, and Willi A Kalender

Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.

In modern X-ray computed tomography (CT) a trend to increased volume coverage by using multi-row detectors is apparent. Flat-panel detector CT (FPD-CT) systems provide an even larger field of measurement which, however, results in an increased scatter fraction. We investigated the scatter intensities registered in the case of FPD-CT. A hybrid model for the simulation of scatter combining deterministic and Monte Carlo methods was used for the scatter calculations. The influence of imaging parameters on the registered scatter intensity was examined both in single projections and reconstructed images. Scatter-to-primary ratios (SPRs) are given for various values of object thickness, field size, object-to-detector distance, incident energy and projection angle. For the simulations, homogeneous water phantoms and realistic patient data sets were used to produce scatter data representative for clinical situations. The SPR increases with object size, collimation and z-extent resulting in SPR>>1 and respective scatter artifacts in the reconstructed images. In contrary, the scatter intensity decreases non-linearly with the object-to-detector distance. The angular and spatial distributions of scatter form a flat function as compared to the distribution of the primary signal. Single scatter appears to determine the distribution and magnitude of the total-scatter intensity at the detector.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008962	Models, Theoretical	Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.	Experimental Model,Experimental Models,Mathematical Model,Model, Experimental,Models (Theoretical),Models, Experimental,Models, Theoretic,Theoretical Study,Mathematical Models,Model (Theoretical),Model, Mathematical,Model, Theoretical,Models, Mathematical,Studies, Theoretical,Study, Theoretical,Theoretical Model,Theoretical Models,Theoretical Studies
D011857	Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted	Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.	Computer Assisted Radiographic Image Interpretation,Computer-Assisted Radiographic Image Interpretation,Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer Assisted
D003198	Computer Simulation	Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.	Computational Modeling,Computational Modelling,Computer Models,In silico Modeling,In silico Models,In silico Simulation,Models, Computer,Computerized Models,Computer Model,Computer Simulations,Computerized Model,In silico Model,Model, Computer,Model, Computerized,Model, In silico,Modeling, Computational,Modeling, In silico,Modelling, Computational,Simulation, Computer,Simulation, In silico,Simulations, Computer
D004867	Equipment Design	Methods and patterns of fabricating machines and related hardware.	Design, Equipment,Device Design,Medical Device Design,Design, Medical Device,Designs, Medical Device,Device Design, Medical,Device Designs, Medical,Medical Device Designs,Design, Device,Designs, Device,Designs, Equipment,Device Designs,Equipment Designs
D012542	Scattering, Radiation	The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)	Radiation Scattering,Radiation Scatterings,Scatterings, Radiation
D012680	Sensitivity and Specificity	Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	Specificity,Sensitivity,Specificity and Sensitivity
D014057	Tomography, X-Ray Computed	Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.	CAT Scan, X-Ray,CT Scan, X-Ray,Cine-CT,Computerized Tomography, X-Ray,Electron Beam Computed Tomography,Tomodensitometry,Tomography, Transmission Computed,X-Ray Tomography, Computed,CAT Scan, X Ray,CT X Ray,Computed Tomography, X-Ray,Computed X Ray Tomography,Computerized Tomography, X Ray,Electron Beam Tomography,Tomography, X Ray Computed,Tomography, X-Ray Computer Assisted,Tomography, X-Ray Computerized,Tomography, X-Ray Computerized Axial,Tomography, Xray Computed,X Ray Computerized Tomography,X Ray Tomography, Computed,X-Ray Computer Assisted Tomography,X-Ray Computerized Axial Tomography,Beam Tomography, Electron,CAT Scans, X-Ray,CT Scan, X Ray,CT Scans, X-Ray,CT X Rays,Cine CT,Computed Tomography, Transmission,Computed Tomography, X Ray,Computed Tomography, Xray,Computed X-Ray Tomography,Scan, X-Ray CAT,Scan, X-Ray CT,Scans, X-Ray CAT,Scans, X-Ray CT,Tomographies, Computed X-Ray,Tomography, Computed X-Ray,Tomography, Electron Beam,Tomography, X Ray Computer Assisted,Tomography, X Ray Computerized,Tomography, X Ray Computerized Axial,Transmission Computed Tomography,X Ray Computer Assisted Tomography,X Ray Computerized Axial Tomography,X Ray, CT,X Rays, CT,X-Ray CAT Scan,X-Ray CAT Scans,X-Ray CT Scan,X-Ray CT Scans,X-Ray Computed Tomography,X-Ray Computerized Tomography,Xray Computed Tomography
D014159	Transducers	Any device or element which converts an input signal into an output signal of a different form. Examples include the microphone, phonographic pickup, loudspeaker, barometer, photoelectric cell, automobile horn, doorbell, and underwater sound transducer. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	Transducer
D014963	X-Ray Intensifying Screens	Screens which absorb the energy in the x-ray beam that has penetrated the patient and convert this energy into a light pattern which has as nearly as possible the same information as the original x-ray beam. The more light a screen produces for a given input of x-radiation, the less x-ray exposure and thus shorter exposure time are needed to expose the film. In most film-screen systems, the film is sandwiched between two screens in a cassette so that the emulsion on each side is exposed to the light from its contiguous screen.	Film-Screen Systems, X-Ray,Radiographic Intensifying Screens,Screen-Film Systems, X-Ray,X-Ray Film-Screen Systems,Screens, Radiographic Intensifying,Xray Intensifying Screens,Film Screen Systems, X Ray,Film-Screen System, X-Ray,Intensifying Screen, Radiographic,Intensifying Screen, X-Ray,Intensifying Screen, Xray,Intensifying Screens, Radiographic,Intensifying Screens, X-Ray,Intensifying Screens, Xray,Radiographic Intensifying Screen,Screen Film Systems, X Ray,Screen, Radiographic Intensifying,Screen, X-Ray Intensifying,Screen, Xray Intensifying,Screen-Film System, X-Ray,Screens, X-Ray Intensifying,Screens, Xray Intensifying,System, X-Ray Film-Screen,System, X-Ray Screen-Film,Systems, X-Ray Film-Screen,Systems, X-Ray Screen-Film,X Ray Film Screen Systems,X Ray Intensifying Screens,X-Ray Film-Screen System,X-Ray Intensifying Screen,X-Ray Screen-Film System,X-Ray Screen-Film Systems,Xray Intensifying Screen
D017076	Computer-Aided Design	The use of computers for designing and/or manufacturing of anything, including drugs, surgical procedures, orthotics, and prosthetics.	CAD-CAM,Computer-Aided Manufacturing,Computer-Assisted Design,Computer-Assisted Manufacturing,Computer Aided Design,Computer Aided Manufacturing,Computer Assisted Design,Computer Assisted Manufacturing,Computer-Aided Designs,Computer-Assisted Designs,Design, Computer-Aided,Design, Computer-Assisted,Designs, Computer-Aided,Designs, Computer-Assisted,Manufacturing, Computer-Aided,Manufacturing, Computer-Assisted

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