Validity and reliability of ear landmarks as reference points for cephalometric analysis. 2007

Wanjira Chutimanutskul, and Joseph P Geenty, and Gang Shen, and M Ali Darendeliler
Faculty of Dentistry, Sydney Dental Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

OBJECTIVE A cephalometric analysis was designed to determine whether the external ear is a suitable reference structure for the superimposition of cephalometric analysis. METHODS The sample consisted of 21 orthodontic patients with an average age of 16.5 years. Tracings of pretreatment and posttreatment cephalograms were superimposed on the cranial base. The landmarks on the ear, namely upper ear (UE), posterior ear (PE), and ear point (Ea), as well as the planes, namely UE-PE and EaP were defined to depict the position of the ear. The differences in these parameters between 2 timepoints were identified to indicate the stability of the ear position relative to the craniofacial complex. The paired t tests were used to evaluate the significance of displacement of these landmarks and planes at the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The results showed that the angulation between EaP and SN showed no difference between pre- and posttreatment (mean, 0.000 degrees) and the angulation between E-line and SN changed very little (mean, 0.095 degree). However, the change in linear distance between S and N was significant (mean, 1.19 mm; P <.01). CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the ear and its related landmarks are reliable and feasible reference structures or points for cephalometric analysis.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D011859 Radiography Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of X-RAYS or GAMMA RAYS, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film). Radiology, Diagnostic X-Ray,Roentgenography,X-Ray, Diagnostic,Diagnostic X-Ray,Diagnostic X-Ray Radiology,X-Ray Radiology, Diagnostic,Diagnostic X Ray,Diagnostic X Ray Radiology,Diagnostic X-Rays,Radiology, Diagnostic X Ray,X Ray Radiology, Diagnostic,X Ray, Diagnostic,X-Rays, Diagnostic
D002508 Cephalometry The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD. Craniometry
D004431 Ear, External The outer part of the hearing system of the body. It includes the shell-like EAR AURICLE which collects sound, and the EXTERNAL EAR CANAL, the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE, and the EXTERNAL EAR CARTILAGES. External Ear,Outer Ear,Ear, Outer,Ears, External,Ears, Outer,External Ears,Outer Ears
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D012886 Skull The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN. Calvaria,Cranium,Calvarium,Skulls
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor

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