Pain as a metaphor for illness. Part II: Family caregivers' management of pain. 1991

B R Ferrell, and M Z Cohen, and M Rhiner, and A Rozek
City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA.

Changes in the healthcare system have made the patient's home the primary site of cancer care. Family members, already burdened with the psychological impact of having a loved one with cancer, take on caregiving roles to meet the multiple and complex needs of the patient. Part I of this two-part article focused on family caregivers' descriptions of the patients' pain and the impact of this pain on caregivers. A model of the Caregiver Experience of Pain is provided along with implications for future inquiry and clinical practice. Themes identified in caregiver roles in medication administration included deciding what to give, deciding when to give, night duty, reminding/encouraging, keeping records, fear of addiction, and doing everything. Caregiver roles in nondrug interventions included positioning/mobility, massage, use of ointments/lotions, cold, heat, being there through touch, avoiding touch, and talk and other distractions. Caregiver perceptions of what doctors or nurses could do better included themes of being there, explain, be honest/listen, addiction concern, and giving medication. Caregiver questions included areas of future, understanding why, death, concern about medications, and fear about what to do at home. The study results offer important suggestions for oncology nurses in supporting family caregivers in the management of the patient in pain.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D009369 Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. Benign Neoplasm,Cancer,Malignant Neoplasm,Tumor,Tumors,Benign Neoplasms,Malignancy,Malignant Neoplasms,Neoplasia,Neoplasm,Neoplasms, Benign,Cancers,Malignancies,Neoplasias,Neoplasm, Benign,Neoplasm, Malignant,Neoplasms, Malignant
D010146 Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. Suffering, Physical,Ache,Pain, Burning,Pain, Crushing,Pain, Migratory,Pain, Radiating,Pain, Splitting,Aches,Burning Pain,Burning Pains,Crushing Pain,Crushing Pains,Migratory Pain,Migratory Pains,Pains, Burning,Pains, Crushing,Pains, Migratory,Pains, Radiating,Pains, Splitting,Physical Suffering,Physical Sufferings,Radiating Pain,Radiating Pains,Splitting Pain,Splitting Pains,Sufferings, Physical
D011368 Professional-Family Relations The interactions between the professional person and the family. Professional Family Relationship,Family Relationship, Professional,Family Relationships, Professional,Professional Family Relations,Professional Family Relationships,Professional-Family Relation,Relation, Professional-Family,Relations, Professional-Family,Relationship, Professional Family,Relationships, Professional Family
D005190 Family A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children. Family Life Cycles,Family Members,Family Life Cycle,Family Research,Filiation,Kinship Networks,Relatives,Families,Family Member,Kinship Network,Life Cycle, Family,Life Cycles, Family,Network, Kinship,Networks, Kinship,Research, Family
D005260 Female Females
D006701 Home Nursing Nursing care given to an individual in the home. The care may be provided by a family member or a friend. Home nursing as care by a non-professional is differentiated from HOME CARE SERVICES provided by professionals: visiting nurse, home health agencies, hospital, or other organized community group. Home Care, Non-Professional,Nursing, Home,Home Care, Nonprofessional,Care, Non-Professional Home,Care, Nonprofessional Home,Home Care, Non Professional,Non-Professional Home Care,Nonprofessional Home Care
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000700 Analgesics Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS. Analgesic,Anodynes,Antinociceptive Agents,Analgesic Agents,Analgesic Drugs,Agents, Analgesic,Agents, Antinociceptive,Drugs, Analgesic

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