Biomaterial Database

Genetic analysis of mammary tumor induction and expression of mammary tumor virus antigen in hormone-treated ovariectomized GR mice. 1976

R van Nie, and J Hilgers

Early stages of mammary tumors (EMT) were induced with a combined treatment of progesterone (P) and estrone (E) in ovariectomized adult GRS/A (GR) mice, a strain of European origin and with a high incidence of mammary cancer. The mammary tumors were comparable to the pregnancy-dependent tumors of breeding females of this strain. The hormone treatment did not lead to EMT in a variety of other strains and only occasionally in the RIII an C3H strains. Treatment with P or E alone di not lead to EMT in GR mice, but treatment with the steroid compound 17 alpha-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone (ANT) did mimic the combined effe(t of P and E. Since EMT could be induced by ANT in all ovariectomized adult GR mice within 3 weeks, this tumor-induction method was suitable for analysis of the gene responsible for palpable, pregnancy-dependent mammary tumors of this strain. Another argument for the usefulness of this test for genetic analysis was the fact that, though mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) of the GR strain was introduced into BALB/c and tmas mice by foster-nursing, ANT treatment did not lead to EMT. First and second backcross analyses showed that one gene was responsible for EMT induction. There was a strong (orrelation between the presence of EMT and MuMTV antigens in the mammary glands and milk of several first backcross populations between GR and other strains such as C57BL, BALB/c, DBAf, and C3Hf. This suggested that the expression of MuMTV antigens was also controlled by the EMT gene. Two types of resistance phenomena were observed. Neither type could prevent EMT after hormone treatment; however, they could delay EMT development. One resistance factor for EMT induction was noticeable and dominant in reciprocal hybrids of the GR and DBAf strains, whereas another resistance factor was detected in the backcross population only [i.e., in the C57BL X (C57BL X Gr) ba(kcross] and not in hybrids; therefore, this factor was recessive. Until now, linkage experiments with 18 markers to locate the gene for EMT induction in the map of the mouse were unsuccessful.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008040	Genetic Linkage	The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.	Genetic Linkage Analysis,Linkage, Genetic,Analyses, Genetic Linkage,Analysis, Genetic Linkage,Genetic Linkage Analyses,Linkage Analyses, Genetic,Linkage Analysis, Genetic
D008324	Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse	The type species of BETARETROVIRUS commonly latent in mice. It causes mammary adenocarcinoma in a genetically susceptible strain of mice when the appropriate hormonal influences operate.	Bittner Virus,Mammary Cancer Virus,Mouse mammary tumor virus,Mammary Tumor Viruses, Mouse
D008807	Mice, Inbred BALB C	An inbred strain of mouse that is widely used in IMMUNOLOGY studies and cancer research.	BALB C Mice, Inbred,BALB C Mouse, Inbred,Inbred BALB C Mice,Inbred BALB C Mouse,Mice, BALB C,Mouse, BALB C,Mouse, Inbred BALB C,BALB C Mice,BALB C Mouse
D008809	Mice, Inbred C3H	An inbred strain of mouse that is used as a general purpose strain in a wide variety of RESEARCH areas including CANCER; INFECTIOUS DISEASES; sensorineural, and cardiovascular biology research.	Mice, C3H,Mouse, C3H,Mouse, Inbred C3H,C3H Mice,C3H Mice, Inbred,C3H Mouse,C3H Mouse, Inbred,Inbred C3H Mice,Inbred C3H Mouse
D008810	Mice, Inbred C57BL	One of the first INBRED MOUSE STRAINS to be sequenced. This strain is commonly used as genetic background for transgenic mouse models. Refractory to many tumors, this strain is also preferred model for studying role of genetic variations in development of diseases.	Mice, C57BL,Mouse, C57BL,Mouse, Inbred C57BL,C57BL Mice,C57BL Mice, Inbred,C57BL Mouse,C57BL Mouse, Inbred,Inbred C57BL Mice,Inbred C57BL Mouse
D008811	Mice, Inbred DBA	An inbred strain of mouse. Specific substrains are used in a variety of areas of BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH such as DBA/1J, which is used as a model for RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.	Mice, DBA,Mouse, DBA,Mouse, Inbred DBA,DBA Mice,DBA Mice, Inbred,DBA Mouse,DBA Mouse, Inbred,Inbred DBA Mice,Inbred DBA Mouse
D008815	Mice, Inbred Strains	Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.	Inbred Mouse Strains,Inbred Strain of Mice,Inbred Strain of Mouse,Inbred Strains of Mice,Mouse, Inbred Strain,Inbred Mouse Strain,Mouse Inbred Strain,Mouse Inbred Strains,Mouse Strain, Inbred,Mouse Strains, Inbred,Strain, Inbred Mouse,Strains, Inbred Mouse
D008892	Milk	The off-white liquid secreted by the mammary glands of humans and other mammals. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.	Cow Milk,Cow's Milk,Milk, Cow,Milk, Cow's
D009277	Nandrolone	C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.	19-Nortestosterone,Estrenolone,Norandrostenolone,Nortestosterone,17-Hydroxy-Estr-4-Ene-3-One,17beta-Hydroxy-19-Nor-4-Androsten-3-One,17beta Hydroxy 19 Nor 4 Androsten 3 One
D011374	Progesterone	The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.	Pregnenedione,Progesterone, (13 alpha,17 alpha)-(+-)-Isomer,Progesterone, (17 alpha)-Isomer,Progesterone, (9 beta,10 alpha)-Isomer