Effect of distillery sludge on seed germination and growth parameters of green gram (Phaseolus mungo L.). 2008

Ram Chandra, and Sangeeta Yadav, and Dinesh Mohan
Environmental Microbiology Section, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, M.G. Marg, Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, UP, India. rc_microitrc@yahoo.co.in

Experiments were carried out to study the effect of distillery sludge amendments with garden soil (10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) on seed germination and growth parameters of Phaseolus mungo L. Germination percentage and index values decreased with rise in sludge concentration. Soil amended with 10% (w/w) sludge showed favorable growth while >10% was inhibitory for plant growth. Soil amended with 10% (w/w) distillery sludge induced the growth in root length, shoot length, number of leaves, biomass, photosynthetic pigment, protein and starch while 20% (w/w) sludge amended soil had variable effects on the root, shoot, leaves and nodules of P. mungo L. At concentrations (>40%) reduced all the growth parameters, viz., root length, shoot length, number of leaves, biomass, photosynthetic pigment, protein and starch of P. mungo. Malondialdehyde (MDA) product of lipid peroxidation was also enhanced in both root and leaves of sludge amended soil grown P. mungo at all the sludge amendments and exposure periods. A coordinated increase in cysteine, non-protein thiol and ascorbic acid antioxidants was up to 40 days of growth. After this period a decrease was observed. The N, P, K and Mg accumulation followed the order shoot>leaf>root. Calcium accumulation was highest in the upper part of the plants (including shoot and leaves). Furthermore, heavy metals content were also increased in different parts of P. mungo grown on increasing concentration of sludge amended garden soil with time. Zinc and copper accumulation was maximum versus other heavy metals. Based on these studies, sludge having concentrations < or =10% (w/w) can be applied as a fertilizer.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010788 Photosynthesis The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001) Calvin Cycle,Calvin-Benson Cycle,Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle,Carbon Fixation, Photosynthetic,Reductive Pentose Phosphate Cycle,Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis,Calvin Benson Bassham Cycle,Calvin Benson Cycle,Cycle, Calvin,Cycle, Calvin-Benson,Cycle, Calvin-Benson-Bassham,Photosynthesis Dark Reaction,Photosynthesis Dark Reactions,Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation
D012639 Seeds The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield. Diaspores,Elaiosomes,Embryos, Plant,Plant Embryos,Plant Zygotes,Zygotes, Plant,Diaspore,Elaiosome,Embryo, Plant,Plant Embryo,Plant Zygote,Seed,Zygote, Plant
D012722 Sewage Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers. Sludge,Sludge Flocs
D018525 Germination The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLINGS. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryonic PLANT ROOTS (radicle) emerge and grow upwards and downwards respectively. Food reserves for germination come from endosperm tissue within the seed and/or from the seed leaves (COTYLEDON). (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) Germinations
D018533 Biomass Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop. Biomasses
D027805 Phaseolus A plant genus in the family FABACEAE which is the source of edible beans and the lectin PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS. Bean, Kidney,Bean, Tepary,Kidney Bean,Tepary Bean,Common Bean Plant,French Bean Plant,Phaseolus acutifolius,Phaseolus vulgaris,Bean Plant, Common,Bean Plant, French,Bean Plants, Common,Bean Plants, French,Beans, Kidney,Beans, Tepary,Common Bean Plants,French Bean Plants,Kidney Beans,Phaseolus vulgari,Plant, Common Bean,Plant, French Bean,Plants, Common Bean,Plants, French Bean,Tepary Beans,vulgaris, Phaseolus

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