Biomaterial Database

Translation: duality in the genetic code. 2007

John F Atkins, and Pavel V Baranov

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008239	Lysine	An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.	Enisyl,L-Lysine,Lysine Acetate,Lysine Hydrochloride,Acetate, Lysine,L Lysine
D005815	Genetic Code	The meaning ascribed to the BASE SEQUENCE with respect to how it is translated into AMINO ACID SEQUENCE. The start, stop, and order of amino acids of a protein is specified by consecutive triplets of nucleotides called codons (CODON).	Code, Genetic,Codes, Genetic,Genetic Codes
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001419	Bacteria	One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.	Eubacteria
D012270	Ribosomes	Multicomponent ribonucleoprotein structures found in the CYTOPLASM of all cells, and in MITOCHONDRIA, and PLASTIDS. They function in PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS via GENETIC TRANSLATION.	Ribosome
D014176	Protein Biosynthesis	The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.	Genetic Translation,Peptide Biosynthesis, Ribosomal,Protein Translation,Translation, Genetic,Protein Biosynthesis, Ribosomal,Protein Synthesis, Ribosomal,Ribosomal Peptide Biosynthesis,mRNA Translation,Biosynthesis, Protein,Biosynthesis, Ribosomal Peptide,Biosynthesis, Ribosomal Protein,Genetic Translations,Ribosomal Protein Biosynthesis,Ribosomal Protein Synthesis,Synthesis, Ribosomal Protein,Translation, Protein,Translation, mRNA,mRNA Translations
D017279	Selenocysteine	A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.	L-Alanine, 3-selenyl-,3-Selenylalanine,Selenocysteine, DL-Isomer,3 Selenylalanine,3-selenyl- L-Alanine,L Alanine, 3 selenyl,Selenocysteine, DL Isomer
D018388	Codon, Terminator	Any codon that signals the termination of genetic translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). PEPTIDE TERMINATION FACTORS bind to the stop codon and trigger the hydrolysis of the aminoacyl bond connecting the completed polypeptide to the tRNA. Terminator codons do not specify amino acids.	Amber Stop Codon,Codon, Amber Stop,Codon, Ochre Stop,Codon, Opal Stop,Codon, Stop,Stop Codon,Terminator Codon,Amber Codon,Amber Terminator Codon,Codon, Termination,Ochre Codon,Ochre Stop Codon,Opal Codon,Opal Stop Codon,Stop Codon UAA,Stop Codon UAG,Stop Codon UGA,Stop Signal, Translation,TAA Codon,TAG Codon,TGA Codon,UAA Codon,UAA Stop Codon,UAG Codon,UAG Stop Codon,UGA Codon,UGA Stop Codon,Amber Codons,Amber Stop Codons,Amber Terminator Codons,Codon UAA, Stop,Codon UAG, Stop,Codon UGA, Stop,Codon, Amber,Codon, Amber Terminator,Codon, Ochre,Codon, Opal,Codon, TAA,Codon, TAG,Codon, TGA,Codon, UAA,Codon, UAA Stop,Codon, UAG,Codon, UAG Stop,Codon, UGA,Codon, UGA Stop,Codons, Amber,Codons, Amber Stop,Codons, Amber Terminator,Codons, Ochre,Codons, Ochre Stop,Codons, Opal,Codons, Opal Stop,Codons, Stop,Codons, TAA,Codons, TAG,Codons, TGA,Codons, Termination,Codons, Terminator,Codons, UAA,Codons, UAA Stop,Codons, UAG,Codons, UAG Stop,Codons, UGA,Codons, UGA Stop,Ochre Codons,Ochre Stop Codons,Opal Codons,Opal Stop Codons,Stop Codon UGAs,Stop Codon, Amber,Stop Codon, Ochre,Stop Codon, Opal,Stop Codon, UAA,Stop Codon, UAG,Stop Codon, UGA,Stop Codons,Stop Codons, Amber,Stop Codons, Ochre,Stop Codons, Opal,Stop Codons, UAA,Stop Codons, UAG,Stop Codons, UGA,Stop Signals, Translation,TAA Codons,TAG Codons,TGA Codons,Termination Codon,Termination Codons,Terminator Codon, Amber,Terminator Codons,Terminator Codons, Amber,Translation Stop Signal,Translation Stop Signals,UAA Codons,UAA Stop Codons,UAA, Stop Codon,UAG Codons,UAG Stop Codons,UAG, Stop Codon,UGA Codons,UGA Stop Codons,UGA, Stop Codon