The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of day length on seminal characteristics, testicular size, sexual behaviour and testosterone (T4) concentration in pelibuey rams subjected to different semen collection frequencies. eighteen intact males were assigned randomly to one of two semen collection frequencies: in the high rate (HR) treatment, two ejaculations per week were obtained from each ram; one ejaculation every two weeks was collected under the low rate (LR) treatment. All animals were housed individually in contiguous 5 m x 5 m wire mesh pens and evaluated over a 12-month period. At the beginning of the experiment rams were 20 months old and 40-50 kg in weight. All rams ejaculated and produced semen throughout the year. Semen volume, sperm per ejaculation, testicular circumference and testicular volume were significantly (p < 0.05) greater during short days in all rams, regardless of the semen collection frequency, with the exception of sperm concentration, for which no variation was found in hr individuals, and reaction time and T4 levels, for which no variation was found in IR males. Rams subjected to HR collection were more affected by the short-day photoperiod than rams collected twice per week, exhibiting greater reduction (p < 0.05) in time to achieve their first ejaculation and in sperm per ejaculation, as well as greater increases (p < 0.05) in T4 concentration than IR rams (14.65 +/- 1.22 vs 23.53 +/- 5.34 s, (3.37 +/- 0.17) x 10(9) vs (3.52 +/- 0.20) x10(9) sperm and 8.68 +/- 0.44 vs 6.85 +/- 0.74 ng/ml, respectively). It was concluded that: (a) the magnitude of the seasonal effects was not sufficient to prevent the rams being used for breeding throughout the year, and (b) seasonal variation within variables was affected differently between semen collection frequencies.