Biomaterial Database

Thermodilution estimation of cardiac output at high flows in anesthetized horses. 1991

C I Dunlop, and D S Hodgson, and P L Chapman, and J L Grandy, and R D Waldron

Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.

The purpose of this study was to compare the thermodilution technique for estimation of cardiac output with the indocyanine green dye dilution technique at flows between 10 and 39 L/min in halothane-anesthetized horses. The estimation of area of dye dilution cardiac output curves was made by using the fore-'n-aft (FA) triangle method. This shorthand technique was compared with logarithmic exponential extrapolation and summation (extrapolated area), using 64 cardiac output curves. Then, 256 simultaneous thermodilution measurements were compared with dye dilution measurements calculated by use of the FA technique. Forty milliliters of iced 0.9% NaCl solution containing 15 mg of indocyanine green dye was used as the indicator. This was delivered in less than 1 second to the right atrium, using a power injector. A thermistor positioned in the pulmonary artery detected the thermal indicator. Blood was withdrawn from the carotid artery through a densitometer cuvette to measure the dye concentration. The FA estimations of area were higher than those determined by use of extrapolated area. A multiplicative adjustment of 0.837 was estimated. On average, thermodilution estimates of cardiac output exceeded the adjusted FA determinations. Using a weighted linear regression, we determined the following calibration adjustment: thermal dilution cardiac output/1.048 = indocyanine green dye dilution cardiac output.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007208	Indocyanine Green	A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	Cardio-Green,Cardiogreen,Ujoveridin,Vofaverdin,Vophaverdin,Wofaverdin,Cardio Green,Green, Indocyanine
D012016	Reference Values	The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.	Normal Range,Normal Values,Reference Ranges,Normal Ranges,Normal Value,Range, Normal,Range, Reference,Ranges, Normal,Ranges, Reference,Reference Range,Reference Value,Value, Normal,Value, Reference,Values, Normal,Values, Reference
D012044	Regression Analysis	Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.	Regression Diagnostics,Statistical Regression,Analysis, Regression,Analyses, Regression,Diagnostics, Regression,Regression Analyses,Regression, Statistical,Regressions, Statistical,Statistical Regressions
D002302	Cardiac Output	The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).	Cardiac Outputs,Output, Cardiac,Outputs, Cardiac
D004395	Dye Dilution Technique	Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of dye into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	Dye Dilution Technic,Dilution Technic, Dye,Dilution Technics, Dye,Dilution Technique, Dye,Dilution Techniques, Dye,Dye Dilution Technics,Dye Dilution Techniques,Technic, Dye Dilution,Technics, Dye Dilution,Technique, Dye Dilution,Techniques, Dye Dilution
D006221	Halothane	A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)	1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromoethane,Fluothane,Ftorotan,Narcotan
D006736	Horses	Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.	Equus caballus,Equus przewalskii,Horse, Domestic,Domestic Horse,Domestic Horses,Horse,Horses, Domestic
D000758	Anesthesia	A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013815	Thermodilution	Measurement of blood flow based on induction at one point of the circulation of a known change in the intravascular heat content of flowing blood and detection of the resultant change in temperature at a point downstream.	Thermodilutions