DGAT1 underlies large genetic variation in milk-fat composition of dairy cows. 2007

A Schennink, and W M Stoop, and M H P W Visker, and J M L Heck, and H Bovenhuis, and J J van der Poel, and H J F van Valenberg, and J A M van Arendonk
Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands. anke.schennink@wur.nl

Dietary fat may play a role in the aetiology of many chronic diseases. Milk and milk-derived foods contribute substantially to dietary fat, but have a fat composition that is not optimal for human health. We measured the fat composition of milk samples in 1918 Dutch Holstein Friesian cows in their first lactation and estimated genetic parameters for fatty acids. Substantial genetic variation in milk-fat composition was found: heritabilities were high for short- and medium-chain fatty acids (C4:0-C16:0) and moderate for long-chain fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated C18). We genotyped 1762 cows for the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism, which is known to affect milk-fat percentage, to study the effect of the polymorphism on milk-fat composition. We found that the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism has a clear influence on milk-fat composition. The DGAT1 allele that encodes lysine (K) at position 232 (232K) is associated with more saturated fat; a larger fraction of C16:0; and smaller fractions of C14:0, unsaturated C18 and conjugated linoleic acid (P < 0.001). We conclude that selective breeding can make a significant contribution to change the fat composition of cow's milk.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008892 Milk The off-white liquid secreted by the mammary glands of humans and other mammals. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Cow Milk,Cow's Milk,Milk, Cow,Milk, Cow's
D011110 Polymorphism, Genetic The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level. Gene Polymorphism,Genetic Polymorphism,Polymorphism (Genetics),Genetic Polymorphisms,Gene Polymorphisms,Polymorphism, Gene,Polymorphisms (Genetics),Polymorphisms, Gene,Polymorphisms, Genetic
D002417 Cattle Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor. Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D005223 Fats The glyceryl esters of a fatty acid, or of a mixture of fatty acids. They are generally odorless, colorless, and tasteless if pure, but they may be flavored according to origin. Fats are insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. They occur in animal and vegetable tissue and are generally obtained by boiling or by extraction under pressure. They are important in the diet (DIETARY FATS) as a source of energy. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
D005260 Female Females
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014644 Genetic Variation Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population. Genetic Diversity,Variation, Genetic,Diversity, Genetic,Diversities, Genetic,Genetic Diversities,Genetic Variations,Variations, Genetic
D051048 Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase An enzyme that catalyses the last step of the TRIACYLGLYCEROL synthesis reaction in which diacylglycerol is covalently joined to LONG-CHAIN ACYL COA to form triglyceride. It was formerly categorized as EC 2.3.1.124. Acyl-Coenzyme A Diacyl-glycerol Acyltransferase,DAGAT Enzyme,Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase,Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 1,Diglyceride Acyltransferase,Diglyceride Acyltransferase 1,Palmitoyl-CoA-sn-1,2-Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase,Palmitoyl-Coenzyme A-sn-1,2-Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase,A-sn-1,2-Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase, Palmitoyl-Coenzyme,Acyl Coenzyme A Diacyl glycerol Acyltransferase,Acyltransferase 1, Diglyceride,Acyltransferase, Diacylglycerol,Acyltransferase, Diglyceride,Acyltransferase, Palmitoyl-CoA-sn-1,2-Diacylglycerol,Acyltransferase, Palmitoyl-Coenzyme A-sn-1,2-Diacylglycerol,Diacylglycerol O Acyltransferase,Diacylglycerol O Acyltransferase 1,O-Acyltransferase 1, Diacylglycerol,O-Acyltransferase, Diacylglycerol,Palmitoyl CoA sn 1,2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase,Palmitoyl Coenzyme A sn 1,2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase
D019943 Amino Acid Substitution The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties. Amino Acid Substitutions,Substitution, Amino Acid,Substitutions, Amino Acid

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