Biomaterial Database

Localization of a nervous system-specific class II beta-tubulin gene in Xenopus laevis embryos by whole-mount in situ hybridization. 1991

R Oschwald, and K Richter, and H Grunz

University of Essen, Department of Zoophysiology, Germany.

A neural-specific beta-tubulin mRNA is expressed in the developing central nervous system shown by whole-mount in situ hybridization experiments. Of special interest is the fact that from the late blastula (stage 9; Nieuwkoop and Faber, 1967; Hausen and Ribesell, 1991) until the early neurula (stage 13) the signal can be found not only in the presumptive neural plate but also in the presumptive epidermis. Later in development (from stage 13) the specific mRNA becomes restricted to the presumptive brain and spinal cord area. The results are discussed in the context of predisposition and (pre)determination.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009420	Nervous System	The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)	Nervous Systems,System, Nervous,Systems, Nervous
D009693	Nucleic Acid Hybridization	Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)	Genomic Hybridization,Acid Hybridization, Nucleic,Acid Hybridizations, Nucleic,Genomic Hybridizations,Hybridization, Genomic,Hybridization, Nucleic Acid,Hybridizations, Genomic,Hybridizations, Nucleic Acid,Nucleic Acid Hybridizations
D004475	Ectoderm	The outer of the three germ layers of an embryo.	Apical Ectodermal Ridge,Apical Ectodermal Ridges,Ectodermal Ridge, Apical,Ectoderms
D004627	Embryonic Induction	The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by cell interactions leads to diversity of cell types and specific pattern of organization (EMBRYOGENESIS).	Embryonic Inductions,Induction, Embryonic,Inductions, Embryonic
D005786	Gene Expression Regulation	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.	Gene Action Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression,Expression Regulation, Gene,Regulation, Gene Action,Regulation, Gene Expression
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012333	RNA, Messenger	RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.	Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated
D014404	Tubulin	A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.	alpha-Tubulin,beta-Tubulin,delta-Tubulin,epsilon-Tubulin,gamma-Tubulin,alpha Tubulin,beta Tubulin,delta Tubulin,epsilon Tubulin,gamma Tubulin
D014982	Xenopus laevis	The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.	Platanna,X. laevis,Platannas,X. laevi
D016591	Histocytological Preparation Techniques	Methods of preparing cells or tissues for examination and study of their origin, structure, function, or pathology. The methods include preservation, fixation, sectioning, staining, replica, or other technique to allow for viewing using a microscope.	Cytohistological Preparation Techniques,Cytohistologic Preparation Technics,Cytohistologic Preparation Technique,Cytohistologic Preparation Techniques,Cytohistological Preparation Technic,Cytohistological Preparation Technics,Cytohistological Preparation Technique,Histocytologic Preparation Technic,Histocytologic Preparation Technics,Histocytologic Preparation Technique,Histocytologic Preparation Techniques,Histocytological Preparation Technic,Histocytological Preparation Technics,Histocytological Preparation Technique,Preparation Technic, Cytohistologic,Preparation Technic, Cytohistological,Preparation Technic, Histocytologic,Preparation Technic, Histocytological,Preparation Technics, Cytohistologic,Preparation Technics, Cytohistological,Preparation Technics, Histocytologic,Preparation Technics, Histocytological,Preparation Technique, Cytohistologic,Preparation Technique, Cytohistological,Preparation Technique, Histocytologic,Preparation Technique, Histocytological,Preparation Techniques, Cytohistologic,Preparation Techniques, Cytohistological,Preparation Techniques, Histocytologic,Preparation Techniques, Histocytological,Technic, Cytohistologic Preparation,Technic, Cytohistological Preparation,Technic, Histocytologic Preparation,Technic, Histocytological Preparation,Technics, Cytohistologic Preparation,Technics, Cytohistological Preparation,Technics, Histocytologic Preparation,Technics, Histocytological Preparation,Technique, Cytohistologic Preparation,Technique, Cytohistological Preparation,Technique, Histocytologic Preparation,Technique, Histocytological Preparation,Techniques, Cytohistologic Preparation,Techniques, Cytohistological Preparation,Techniques, Histocytologic Preparation,Techniques, Histocytological Preparation,Cytohistologic Preparation Technic