Biomaterial Database

Biologically active mediators: platelet-derived growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and transforming growth factor-beta. 1991

D T Graves, and D L Cochran

Department of Oral Biology, Boston University Medical Center.

The advent of tissue culture techniques provided efficient means to measure the activities of hormones that act at very low concentrations. By following a specific activity, biologically active mediators could then be efficiently purified from impure starting materials. Different assay systems allowed the purification of different types of factors. Growth-inducing factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor, were discovered because they could stimulate DNA synthesis in vitro. Chemotactic factors, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, were discovered based on their capacity to stimulate migration of cells in vitro. Transforming growth factors were originally described because of their capacity to stimulate the growth of nontransformed cells in soft agar. This review describes the effects of biologically active mediators using platelet-derived growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and transforming growth factor-beta as examples.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009000	Monocytes	Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.	Monocyte
D010519	Periodontium	The structures surrounding and supporting the tooth. Periodontium includes the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	Paradentium,Parodontium,Tooth Supporting Structures,Paradentiums,Parodontiums,Periodontiums,Structure, Tooth Supporting,Structures, Tooth Supporting,Supporting Structure, Tooth,Supporting Structures, Tooth,Tooth Supporting Structure
D010982	Platelet-Derived Growth Factor	Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication.	Platelet Derived Growth Factor,Factor, Platelet-Derived Growth,Growth Factor, Platelet-Derived
D002478	Cells, Cultured	Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.	Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D002630	Chemotactic Factors	Chemical substances that attract or repel cells. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, microbial invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract LEUKOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; or other cells to the site of infection or insult.	Chemoattractant,Chemotactic Factor,Chemotaxin,Chemotaxins,Cytotaxinogens,Cytotaxins,Macrophage Chemotactic Factor,Chemoattractants,Chemotactic Factors, Macrophage,Macrophage Chemotactic Factors,Chemotactic Factor, Macrophage,Factor, Chemotactic,Factor, Macrophage Chemotactic
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D016212	Transforming Growth Factor beta	A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	Bone-Derived Transforming Growth Factor,Platelet Transforming Growth Factor,TGF-beta,Milk Growth Factor,TGFbeta,Bone Derived Transforming Growth Factor,Factor, Milk Growth,Growth Factor, Milk
D018932	Chemokine CCL2	A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.	Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1,Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1,CCL2 Chemokine,Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2,Chemokines CCL2,Monocyte Chemotactic and Activating Factor,CCL2, Chemokine,CCL2, Chemokines,Chemoattractant Protein-1, Monocyte,Chemokine, CCL2,Chemotactic Protein-1, Monocyte,Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1,Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1