Electrophysiological characteristics were described for neurons of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) which receive baroreceptive and somatosensory inputs in the rat. Following focal electrical stimulation in the ipsilateral caudal nucleus of the tractus solitarii (NTS), the firing rates of these neurons were increased in 94 (55.6%), and decreased in 38 (22.5%). Fifty-three (54.5%) of 97 PBN neurons tested were excited, and 11 (11.3%) inhibited in response to contralateral common peroneal nerve (CPN) stimulation. Of these neurons, 52 were found to respond to both caudal NTS and CPN stimulation. Effects of subfornical organ (SFO) stimulation were also examined in 151 of 169 parabrachial neurons. 13 (7.7%) were activated antidromically and were located in the lateral division of the PBN, while 34 (22.5%) were affected orthodromically. Stimulation of the caudal NTS resulted in both a fall in the heart rate and changes of PBN neuronal firing rates. Similar effects were elicited by activating peripheral baroreceptors by the administration of phenylephrine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist. These results strongly indicate that: (1) the lateral PBN is involved in central cardiovascular control; (2) somatosensory and baroreceptive messages may converge onto some PBN neurons; and (3) some PBN neurons may relay baroreceptive information from the caudal NTS to the SFO.