Osmotic coefficients of electrolyte solutions. 2008

Elsa Moggia
Biosafety Engineering, Via M. Pippo 9, 17044, Stella (SV), Italy. elsa@biosafetyengineering.it

In this paper, the osmotic coefficient, phi, of electrolyte solutions is considered. According to the Gibbs-Duhem equation, the calculation of phi follows from that of the mean activity coefficient, gamma, based on a pseudolattice approach recently proposed. For any given electrolyte, the whole range of concentrations providing gamma<or =1 is considered. The major feature of the pseudolattice approach is given by the fact that gamma can be calculated without using adjustable parameters where the (upper) concentration, clim, exists at which the electrolyte solution exhibits gamma=1. In the remaining cases, a unique parameter is required, that is, the value of clim that should ideally give gamma=1 for the electrolyte. Known values of clim from 1 up to 9 M (about) are available for several aqueous electrolytes at 25 degrees C. All formulas in this paper are applied for 1:1, 2:2, 1:2, and 2:1 aqueous electrolytes at 25 degrees C.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009995 Osmosis Tendency of fluids (e.g., water) to move from the less concentrated to the more concentrated side of a semipermeable membrane. Osmoses
D004573 Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Electrolyte
D012996 Solutions The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Solution
D013696 Temperature The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms. Temperatures

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