Semen preparation methods and sperm apoptosis: swim-up versus gradient-density centrifugation technique. 2009

Giuseppe Ricci, and Sandra Perticarari, and Rita Boscolo, and Marcella Montico, and Secondo Guaschino, and Gianni Presani
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy. ricci@burlo.trieste.it

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of density-gradient centrifugation and swim-up on sperm apoptosis by using a multiparameter flow cytometric method. METHODS Autocontrolled split-sample study. METHODS Tertiary infertility center. METHODS Sixty-two male partners of couples undergoing infertility investigations. METHODS Each sample was analyzed both before and after semen preparation by optical microscopy and by flow cytometry. METHODS Percentage of viable, apoptotic, and necrotic sperm and recovery rate of total motile, progressive motile, and viable sperm before and after the two sperm preparation methods. RESULTS Compared with the original semen, the mean percentages of apoptotic and necrotic sperm were significantly lower after both sperm preparation methods. The mean percentage of viable sperm was significantly higher after swim-up compared with gradient centrifugation. The recovery rates of total motile, progressive motile, and viable sperm were significantly higher using gradient centrifugation compared with swim-up. The viable sperm percentage and the progressive sperm motility were significant predictors for negative difference between the two methods in terms of viable sperm percentage after preparation. CONCLUSIONS Both sperm preparation methods allow obtaining a sperm population with a low percentage of apoptotic sperm. Therefore, the risk of using apoptotic sperm for clinical treatment seems to be rather low. The choice of method will depend on whether IVF/ICSI or intrauterine insemination is to be performed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009336 Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.
D002470 Cell Survival The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability. Cell Viability,Cell Viabilities,Survival, Cell,Viabilities, Cell,Viability, Cell
D002499 Centrifugation, Density Gradient Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Centrifugations, Density Gradient,Density Gradient Centrifugation,Density Gradient Centrifugations,Gradient Centrifugation, Density,Gradient Centrifugations, Density
D005434 Flow Cytometry Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake. Cytofluorometry, Flow,Cytometry, Flow,Flow Microfluorimetry,Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting,Microfluorometry, Flow,Cell Sorting, Fluorescence-Activated,Cell Sortings, Fluorescence-Activated,Cytofluorometries, Flow,Cytometries, Flow,Flow Cytofluorometries,Flow Cytofluorometry,Flow Cytometries,Flow Microfluorometries,Flow Microfluorometry,Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting,Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sortings,Microfluorimetry, Flow,Microfluorometries, Flow,Sorting, Fluorescence-Activated Cell,Sortings, Fluorescence-Activated Cell
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D013081 Sperm Motility Movement characteristics of SPERMATOZOA in a fresh specimen. It is measured as the percentage of sperms that are moving, and as the percentage of sperms with productive flagellar motion such as rapid, linear, and forward progression. Motilities, Sperm,Motility, Sperm,Sperm Motilities
D013094 Spermatozoa Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility. Sperm,Spermatozoon,X-Bearing Sperm,X-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm,Y-Bearing Sperm,Y-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm,Sperm, X-Bearing,Sperm, X-Chromosome-Bearing,Sperm, Y-Bearing,Sperm, Y-Chromosome-Bearing,Sperms, X-Bearing,Sperms, X-Chromosome-Bearing,Sperms, Y-Bearing,Sperms, Y-Chromosome-Bearing,X Bearing Sperm,X Chromosome Bearing Sperm,X-Bearing Sperms,X-Chromosome-Bearing Sperms,Y Bearing Sperm,Y Chromosome Bearing Sperm,Y-Bearing Sperms,Y-Chromosome-Bearing Sperms
D016015 Logistic Models Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor. Logistic Regression,Logit Models,Models, Logistic,Logistic Model,Logistic Regressions,Logit Model,Model, Logistic,Model, Logit,Models, Logit,Regression, Logistic,Regressions, Logistic

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