Biomaterial Database

Vaccination against avian encephalomyelitis with special reference to the spray method. 1976

C Folkers, and D Jaspers, and M E Stumpel, and E A Wittevrongel

Three vaccination methods against avian encephalomyelitis have been tested in different types of housing. The product used was a vaccine improved by Philips-Duphar, having an optimal disseminative and immunogenic capacity, and a high virus titer per bird dose. We have tested: 1) administration per os in 2-5% of the flock, 2) administration via drinking water in the whole flock and 3) spray vaccination. Observations by Schneider (1967), that administration in the beak in part of the animals may only be satisfactory under optimal conditions, have herewith been confirmed. With the actual rearing on batteries, the chance of horizontal spreading of the vaccine virus is minimal. The two other methods of administration eliminate this problem. Already 3 weeks after vaccination more than 50% of the animals show a positive serological reaction. Later this level increases quickly to more than 80%, even in batteries. Under widely varying circumstances (concentaration of animals, ventilation, length of water tubes, etc) a dosage response effect becomes apparent. The practical results obtainable will be dependent on the titer of the vaccine, care while vaccinating and conditions of housing.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007109	Immunity	Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances.	Immune Process,Immune Response,Immune Processes,Immune Responses,Process, Immune,Response, Immune
D011201	Poultry Diseases	Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	Disease, Poultry,Diseases, Poultry,Poultry Disease
D002645	Chickens	Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.	Gallus gallus,Gallus domesticus,Gallus gallus domesticus,Chicken
D004326	Drinking	The consumption of liquids.	Water Consumption,Water Intake,Drinkings
D004679	Encephalomyelitis	A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	Myeloencephalitis,Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory,Inflammatory Encephalomyelitis,Myeloencephalitides
D004770	Enterovirus	A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".	Coxsackie Viruses,Coxsackieviruses
D000284	Administration, Oral	The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.	Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations
D000336	Aerosols	Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.	Aerosol
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000914	Antibodies, Viral	Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.	Viral Antibodies