Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment has been shown to exert several beneficial effects in cancer patients. It has been suggested that such effects are due in part to the metabolites derived from MPA in vivo. The first results are reported on the identification of 2 alpha-hydroxy- and 21-hydroxy-MPA, 20-dihydro-MPA, 17 alpha-acetoxy-2 alpha,3 beta-dihydroxy-6 alpha-methylpregn-1,4-dien-20-one and two X,21-dihydroxy-MPAs, one of them presumably being 6 alpha-hydroxymethyl-21-hydroxy-MPA, in patient's plasma by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC), gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric and NMR methods. Additionally, the presence of other metabolites such as di- and tetrahydro-MPAs and 6,21-dihydroxy-MPA, found in urine and other samples, was demonstrated in plasma. For routine clinical examinations an HPLC method is described for determination of, e.g., the unreduced MPA metabolite group in Sep-Pak-ODS column extracts of patients' plasma.