-transparent.png){kind=logo}
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is a protein that binds to the IL-1 receptor and blocks the binding of both IL-1 alpha and -beta without inducing a signal of its own. Human IL-1ra has some sequence identity to human IL-1 beta, but the evolutionary relationship between these proteins has been unclear. We show that the genes for human, mouse, and rat IL-1ra are similar to the genes for IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in intron-exon organization, indicating that gene duplication events were important in the creation of this gene family. Furthermore, an analysis of sequence comparisons and mutation rates for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1ra suggests that the duplication giving rise to the IL-1ra gene was an early event in the evolution of the gene family. Comparisons between the mature sequences for IL-1ra, IL-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta suggest that IL-1ra has a beta-stranded structure like to IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, consistent with the three proteins being related. The N-terminal sequences of IL-1ra appear to be derived from a region of the genome different than those of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, thus explaining their different modes of biosynthesis and suggesting an explanation for their different biological activities.
S P Eisenberg, and
M T Brewer, and
E Verderber, and
P Heimdal, and
B J Brandhuber, and
R C Thompson
November 1991,
The Journal of clinical investigation,
S P Eisenberg, and
M T Brewer, and
E Verderber, and
P Heimdal, and
B J Brandhuber, and
R C Thompson
January 2005,
Journal of clinical laboratory analysis,
S P Eisenberg, and
M T Brewer, and
E Verderber, and
P Heimdal, and
B J Brandhuber, and
R C Thompson
January 2022,
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology,
S P Eisenberg, and
M T Brewer, and
E Verderber, and
P Heimdal, and
B J Brandhuber, and
R C Thompson
May 2011,
Anesthesiology,
S P Eisenberg, and
M T Brewer, and
E Verderber, and
P Heimdal, and
B J Brandhuber, and
R C Thompson
October 1999,
Biochemical and biophysical research communications,
S P Eisenberg, and
M T Brewer, and
E Verderber, and
P Heimdal, and
B J Brandhuber, and
R C Thompson
July 1990,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
S P Eisenberg, and
M T Brewer, and
E Verderber, and
P Heimdal, and
B J Brandhuber, and
R C Thompson
January 1990,
Science (New York, N.Y.),
S P Eisenberg, and
M T Brewer, and
E Verderber, and
P Heimdal, and
B J Brandhuber, and
R C Thompson
February 2016,
Inflammatory bowel diseases,
S P Eisenberg, and
M T Brewer, and
E Verderber, and
P Heimdal, and
B J Brandhuber, and
R C Thompson
January 2000,
Cancer investigation,
S P Eisenberg, and
M T Brewer, and
E Verderber, and
P Heimdal, and
B J Brandhuber, and
R C Thompson
July 1999,
The Journal of biological chemistry,
