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Cancer of the larynx occurs most often in men between 50 and 70 years of age. Cigarette smoking and alcohol are responsible for more than 75 percent of cases. Hoarseness is the most common presenting complaint. If hoarseness persists for more than two weeks, laryngoscopy is indicated. Clinical staging utilizes direct laryngoscopy, esophagoscopy and bronchoscopy to exclude synchronous malignancies. The five-year cure rate, with preservation of voice and glottic function, is as high as 90 percent if the lesions of the vocal cords are found in an early stage. Total laryngectomy is required for more extensive disease. Speech rehabilitation has been revolutionized by tracheoesophageal speech techniques.
J P McKenna, and
L M Fornataro-Clerici, and
P G McMenamin, and
R J Leonard
April 1997,
Otolaryngologic clinics of North America,
J P McKenna, and
L M Fornataro-Clerici, and
P G McMenamin, and
R J Leonard
March 2019,
CoDAS,
J P McKenna, and
L M Fornataro-Clerici, and
P G McMenamin, and
R J Leonard
January 1957,
New York state journal of medicine,
J P McKenna, and
L M Fornataro-Clerici, and
P G McMenamin, and
R J Leonard
January 1956,
Transactions - American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology. American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology,
J P McKenna, and
L M Fornataro-Clerici, and
P G McMenamin, and
R J Leonard
October 2002,
Otolaryngologic clinics of North America,
J P McKenna, and
L M Fornataro-Clerici, and
P G McMenamin, and
R J Leonard
January 1979,
Zhurnal ushnykh, nosovykh i gorlovykh boleznei = The journal of otology, rhinology, and laryngologie [sic],
J P McKenna, and
L M Fornataro-Clerici, and
P G McMenamin, and
R J Leonard
July 1972,
Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung,
J P McKenna, and
L M Fornataro-Clerici, and
P G McMenamin, and
R J Leonard
January 1978,
Vestnik otorinolaringologii,
J P McKenna, and
L M Fornataro-Clerici, and
P G McMenamin, and
R J Leonard
August 1980,
Meditsinskaia radiologiia,
J P McKenna, and
L M Fornataro-Clerici, and
P G McMenamin, and
R J Leonard
July 1971,
Texas medicine,
