Biomaterial Database

Rib cage to abdominal asynchrony in children undergoing polygraphic sleep studies. 1991

Y Sivan, and S D Ward, and T Deakers, and T G Keens, and C J Newth

Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027.

We assessed rib cage (RC) to abdominal (AB) asynchrony in 110 children, aged 1 to 50 months who underwent diagnostic daytime polygraphic sleep studies (PSG), and correlated the results. RC-AB asynchrony was calculated by the phase angle (PA) technique and compared to normal values (0-24 degrees) derived from a separate group of 45 control children, matched for age and weight. Eighty-two of the 110 patients had PSG as part of their evaluation for obstructive sleep apnea. There was a high association between the phase angles and the PSG results (P less than 0.01; Fisher's exact test). PSG was abnormal in 38/82 patients (46%) and the phase angle was increased in 51/82 (62%) (mean +/- SD, 68 degrees +/- 39 degrees; range 28 degrees - 168 degrees) compared to the normal controls (P less than 0.001). Fourteen of the 110 patients had bronchopulmonary dysplasia; of these, PSG and PA results agreed in six normal and seven abnormal studies and disagreed in only one (P = 0.002). Six of 110 patients had Down's syndrome; 5 of 6 had increased RC-AB asynchrony, compared to 3 of 6 who had abnormal PSG. Eight of 110 patients were evaluated for central apnea and hypoventilation; PA was abnormal in 4 of 8, who also had abnormal PSG and in 1 with normal PSG. We conclude that RC-AB measurement by the PA technique may be an important adjunct to the evaluation of breathing disorders during sleep in small children and it may be a good screening test for small children who need PSG.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D007231	Infant, Newborn	An infant during the first 28 days after birth.	Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D008297	Male		Males
D008838	Microcomputers	Small computers using LSI (large-scale integration) microprocessor chips as the CPU (central processing unit) and semiconductor memories for compact, inexpensive storage of program instructions and data. They are smaller and less expensive than minicomputers and are usually built into a dedicated system where they are optimized for a particular application. "Microprocessor" may refer to just the CPU or the entire microcomputer.	Computers, Personal,Microprocessors,Computer, Personal,Microcomputer,Microprocessor,Personal Computer,Personal Computers
D008991	Monitoring, Physiologic	The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.	Patient Monitoring,Monitoring, Physiological,Physiologic Monitoring,Monitoring, Patient,Physiological Monitoring
D012016	Reference Values	The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.	Normal Range,Normal Values,Reference Ranges,Normal Ranges,Normal Value,Range, Normal,Range, Reference,Ranges, Normal,Ranges, Reference,Reference Range,Reference Value,Value, Normal,Value, Reference,Values, Normal,Values, Reference
D012132	Respiratory Muscles	These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.	Ventilatory Muscles,Respiratory Muscle,Muscle, Respiratory,Muscle, Ventilatory,Muscles, Respiratory,Muscles, Ventilatory,Ventilatory Muscle
D001997	Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia	A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.	Dysplasia, Bronchopulmonary
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D004314	Down Syndrome	A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra CHROMOSOME 21 or an effective TRISOMY for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include HYPOTONIA, short stature, BRACHYCEPHALY, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, single transverse palmar crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	Mongolism,Trisomy 21,47,XX,+21,47,XY,+21,Down Syndrome, Partial Trisomy 21,Down's Syndrome,Partial Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome,Trisomy 21, Meiotic Nondisjunction,Trisomy 21, Mitotic Nondisjunction,Trisomy G,Downs Syndrome,Syndrome, Down,Syndrome, Down's

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