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Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia following hydrofluoric acid chemical injury. 2008

Maria Dalamaga, and Konstantinos Karmaniolas, and Athina Nikolaidou, and Evangelia Papadavid
Department of Internal Medicine, NIMTS General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Dermal exposure to hydrofluoric acid could potentially result in severe serum calcium and magnesium depletion induced by binding with fluoride anion. This report describes the case of a 48-year-old man who developed hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia accompanied by hypokalemia-an interesting finding-following a chemical injury with exposure to 70% hydrofluoric acid. Successful treatment included administration of calcium gluconate and magnesium both intravenously and topically.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006996 Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed) Hypocalcemias
D007008 Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed) Hypopotassemia,Hypokalemias,Hypopotassemias
D008274 Magnesium A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
D008275 Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936) Deficiency, Magnesium,Deficiencies, Magnesium,Magnesium Deficiencies
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D002057 Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS. Chemical Burns,Burn, Chemical,Chemical Burn
D002125 Calcium Gluconate The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states. CBG,Calciofon,Calcipot,Calcium Braun,Calcivitol,Calglucon,Ebucin,Flopak Plain,Glucal,Glucobiogen,Gluconate de Calcium Lavoisier,Gluconato Calc Fresenius,Gluconate, Calcium
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006858 Hydrofluoric Acid Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns. Hydrogen Fluoride,Fluohydric Acid,Fluorhydric Acid,Acid, Fluohydric,Acid, Fluorhydric,Acid, Hydrofluoric,Fluoride, Hydrogen

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