Biomaterial Database

Lung function changes in Sprague-Dawley rats after prolonged inhalation exposure to silver nanoparticles. 2008

Jae Hyuck Sung, and Jun Ho Ji, and Jin Uk Yoon, and Dae Seong Kim, and Moon Yong Song, and Jayoung Jeong, and Beom Seok Han, and Jeong Hee Han, and Yong Hyun Chung, and Jeongyong Kim, and Tae Sung Kim, and Hee Kyung Chang, and Eun Jung Lee, and Ji Hyun Lee, and Il Je Yu

Korea Environment & Merchandise Testing Institute, Incheon, Korea.

The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles has resulted in their widespread use in many consumer products. However, despite the continuing increase in the population exposed to silver nanoparticles, the effects of prolonged exposure to silver nanoparticles have not been thoroughly determined. Accordingly, this study attempted to investigate the inflammatory responses and pulmonary function changes in rats during 90 days of inhalation exposure to silver nanoparticles. The rats were exposed to silver nanoparticles (18 nm diameter) at concentrations of 0.7 x 10(6) particles/cm(3) (low dose), 1.4 x 10(6) particles /cm(3) (middle dose), and 2.9 x 10(6) particles /cm(3) (high dose) for 6 h/day in an inhalation chamber for 90 days. The lung function was measured every week after the daily exposure, and the animals sacrificed after the 90-day exposure period. Cellular differential counts and inflammatory measurements, such as albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total protein, were also monitored in the acellular bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of the rats exposed to the silver nanoparticles for 90 days. Among the lung function test measurements, the tidal volume and minute volume showed a statistically significant decrease during the 90 days of silver nanoparticle exposure. Although no statistically significant differences were found in the cellular differential counts, the inflammation measurements increased in the high-dose female rats. Meanwhile, histopathological examinations indicated dose-dependent increases in lesions related to silver nanoparticle exposure, such as infiltrate mixed cell and chronic alveolar inflammation, including thickened alveolar walls and small granulomatous lesions. Therefore, when taken together, the decreases in the tidal volume and minute volume and other inflammatory responses after prolonged exposure to silver nanoparticles would seem to indicate that nanosized particle inhalation exposure can induce lung function changes, along with inflammation, at much lower mass dose concentrations when compared to submicrometer particles.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007249	Inflammation	A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	Innate Inflammatory Response,Inflammations,Inflammatory Response, Innate,Innate Inflammatory Responses
D008168	Lung	Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.	Lungs
D008171	Lung Diseases	Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	Pulmonary Diseases,Disease, Pulmonary,Diseases, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Disease,Disease, Lung,Diseases, Lung,Lung Disease
D008297	Male		Males
D012129	Respiratory Function Tests	Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.	Lung Function Tests,Pulmonary Function Tests,Function Test, Pulmonary,Function Tests, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Function Test,Test, Pulmonary Function,Tests, Pulmonary Function,Function Test, Lung,Function Test, Respiratory,Function Tests, Lung,Function Tests, Respiratory,Lung Function Test,Respiratory Function Test,Test, Lung Function,Test, Respiratory Function,Tests, Lung Function,Tests, Respiratory Function
D001992	Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid	Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.	Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Lavage Fluid,Lung Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Lavage Fluid, Bronchial,Lavage Fluid, Lung,Pulmonary Lavage Fluid,Alveolar Lavage Fluids,Bronchial Lavage Fluids,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids,Lavage Fluid, Alveolar,Lavage Fluid, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluid, Pulmonary,Lavage Fluids, Alveolar,Lavage Fluids, Bronchial,Lavage Fluids, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluids, Lung,Lavage Fluids, Pulmonary,Lung Lavage Fluids,Pulmonary Lavage Fluids
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004334	Drug Administration Schedule	Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.	Administration Schedule, Drug,Administration Schedules, Drug,Drug Administration Schedules,Schedule, Drug Administration,Schedules, Drug Administration
D005260	Female		Females
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia