Regulation of hypophysiotrophic corticotrophin-releasing hormone- and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-synthesising neurones by brainstem catecholaminergic neurones. 2008

G Wittmann
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. wittmann@koki.hu

Hypophysiotrophic corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)- and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH)-synthesising neurones are the principal hypothalamic regulators of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone secretion, respectively. These two neuroendocrine cell populations are closely situated in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and are targets of neuronal afferent pathways that convey important signals for adapting the neurosecretory activity of CRH and TRH neurones to actual demands. The catecholaminergic afferents of CRH and TRH neurones originate from both noradrenaline- and adrenaline-synthesising cell groups located in the brainstem, and collectively represent one of the most well studied neural inputs of these neurones. The present review summarises the data obtained in recent years concerning the functional significance of the catecholaminergic innervation of hypophysiotrophic CRH and TRH neurones in rats.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007107 Immune System The body's defense mechanism against foreign organisms or substances and deviant native cells. It includes the humoral immune response and the cell-mediated response and consists of a complex of interrelated cellular, molecular, and genetic components. Immune Systems,System, Immune,Systems, Immune
D009474 Neurons The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM. Nerve Cells,Cell, Nerve,Cells, Nerve,Nerve Cell,Neuron
D010286 Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus Nucleus in the anterior part of the HYPOTHALAMUS. Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus,Paraventricular Nucleus,Hypothalamic Nucleus, Paraventricular,Nucleus, Hypothalamic Paraventricular,Nucleus, Paraventricular,Nucleus, Paraventricular Hypothalamic,Paraventricular Nucleus, Hypothalamic
D010906 Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones Peptides, natural or synthetic, that stimulate the release of PITUITARY HORMONES. They were first isolated from the extracts of the HYPOTHALAMUS; MEDIAN EMINENCE; PITUITARY STALK; and NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. In addition, some hypophysiotropic hormones control pituitary cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and hormone synthesis. Some can act on more than one pituitary hormone. Hormones, Pituitary Hormone Releasing,Hypophysiotropic Hormones,Hypothalamic Hypophysiotropic Hormone,Hypothalamic Releasing Factor,Hypothalamic Releasing Hormone,Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones,Hormone, Hypothalamic Hypophysiotropic,Hormones, Hypophysiotropic,Hypophysiotropic Hormone, Hypothalamic,Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones,Releasing Hormone, Hypothalamic
D001786 Blood Glucose Glucose in blood. Blood Sugar,Glucose, Blood,Sugar, Blood
D001933 Brain Stem The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA. Brainstem,Truncus Cerebri,Brain Stems,Brainstems,Cerebri, Truncus,Cerebrus, Truncus,Truncus Cerebrus
D002395 Catecholamines A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from TYROSINE. Catecholamine,Sympathin,Sympathins
D003080 Cold Temperature An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm. Cold,Cold Temperatures,Temperature, Cold,Temperatures, Cold
D003346 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is synthesized by neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the PITUITARY GLAND. CRH can also be synthesized in other tissues, such as PLACENTA; ADRENAL MEDULLA; and TESTIS. ACTH-Releasing Hormone,CRF-41,Corticotropin-Releasing Factor,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-41,ACTH-Releasing Factor,CRF (ACTH),Corticoliberin,Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-41,ACTH Releasing Factor,ACTH Releasing Hormone,Corticotropin Releasing Factor,Corticotropin Releasing Factor 41,Corticotropin Releasing Hormone,Corticotropin Releasing Hormone 41
D004777 Environment The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population. Environmental Impact,Environmental Impacts,Impact, Environmental,Impacts, Environmental,Environments
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